bone is a living tissue that represents…
genetics, environment, culture and health
what does the sagittal plane divide the body into
left and right
what does the coronal plane divide the body into
front and back
what does the transverse plane divide the body into
top and bottom
what are the functions of the skeleton
support, facilitation of movement, protection, storage of minerals, formation of red blood cells
what is bone composed of
a hard mineral portion, an organic portion (collagen) and a cellular component
what two structures is bone composed of
cortical (compact) and cancellous (trabecular) bone
what is compact bone
bone which is dense, strong and highly organised
what is cancellous bone
bone which is light and spongy and composed of criss crossed fibres
what are the four major classifications of bones
long bones, short bones, flat bones and irregular bones
what are long bones
bones that are longer than they are wide and are composed of wider epiphyses and a longer narrower diaphysis
what is the function of long bones
they act as levers for movement - they make up most of the limb bones and a few others
what are short bones
bones that are close to equal width and length
what are short bones mostly composed of
cancellous bone
what is the structure of long bones (cancellous vs compact)
the compact bone in the diaphysis is thicker than in the epiphyses
what is the function of flat bones
they provide muscle attachment sites or a large protective area
what are flat bones composed of
thin plates of compact bone around small amounts of cancellous bone
what is an irregular bone
if it doesn’t fit into another category it is irregular - they usually have holes somewhere in them
what is the function of the axial skeleton
protection of organs
what is the function of the appendicular skeleton
mostly movement
what bones compose the axial skeleton
the skull, the vertebral column, the sacrum and coccyx, the ribs and the sternum
what are vertebrae C1 and C2 also known as
C1 - atlas
C2 - axis
how many vertebrae are there
7 cervical
12 thoracic
5 lumbar
what are the structures in the appendicular skeleton
the arm, forearm, hand and pectoral girdle
the thigh, leg, foot and pelvic girdle
