BIOA 201 > Lecture 6 > Flashcards

Lecture 6 Flashcards

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1
Q

why are teeth often well preserved

A

due to the enamel on the outside of the tooth

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2
Q

when we are talking about the surface of the tooth that is closer to the midline what would we refer to it as

A

mesial

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3
Q

as we move further away from the midline in the teeth what term do we use

A

distal

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4
Q

what is the term for the surface of the tooth that is closest to the cheek

A

buccal in molars and premolars and labial in incisors and canines

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5
Q

what is the term for the side of the tooth that is closest to the tongue

A

lingual

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6
Q

what is the term for the surface area that meets the other teeth and is used for chewing

A

occlusal

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7
Q

what is the term for the the side of the tooth where the root is

A

apical

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8
Q

where does tooth wear occur

A

on the occlusal surface

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9
Q

what are cusps

A

the ridges on the molars and premolars

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10
Q

what does interproximal mean

A

between the teeth

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11
Q

how many incisors are there in adult dentition

A

8 - four central and four lateral
2 central on the top and two on the bottom and 2 lateral on the top and 2 on the bottom

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12
Q

how many canines are there

A

4

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13
Q

what does the mandible articulate with

A

the condyles of the temporal bone

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14
Q

what is the function of the alveolar process

A

to hold the teeth in place

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15
Q

what is the body of the mandible

A

the u shaped part of the mandible

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16
Q

what is the angle

A

the intersection between the body and the ramus of the mandible

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17
Q

which is thicker the body of the ramus of the mandible

A

the body

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18
Q

does the medial of lateral side of the coronoid process receive muscle attachments

A

both

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19
Q

what does the maxilla articulate with

A

the zygomatic, frontal and the nasal bones

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20
Q

what are the four quadrants of the jaw called

A

1 - maxillary right quadrant
2 - maxillary left quadrant
3 - mandibular left quadrant
4 - mandibular right quadrant

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21
Q

where is the central incisor located in the permanent dentition

A

closest to the midline

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22
Q

what is the shape and function of the central incisor in the permanent dentition

A

it is a spatulate shaped tooth used for cutting food and bringing it into the mouth for chewing

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23
Q

where is the lateral incisor in the permanent dentition

A

distal to the central incisor - similar shape and function as the central incisor

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24
Q

what is the canine in the permanent dentition

A

the pointy tooth that is larger in other primates that is sued for tearing/ripping food

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25
how many cusps do the premolars have
2 - one on the buccal side and one on the labial side
26
what is the function of the premolars
assist with chewing and grinding of food
27
which teeth feature in the permanent but not deciduous dentition
the premolars
28
how many premolars are there in the permanent dentition
2
29
how many molars are there in the permanent dentition
3 - although the third doesn't always erupt (the wisdom tooth)
30
what is the structure and function of the molars
they have a large surface area on the occlusal surface for chewing and grinding food
31
how many teeth are there in the permanent dentition
8 in each quadrant means 32 total
32
what are the teeth of the permanent dentition from most mesial to distal (one quadrant)
1x central incisor 1x lateral incisor 1x canine 2x premolars 3x molars
33
which is usually the first tooth to erupt in the deciduous dentition
the central incisor
34
when do you begin to see the eruption of teeth in the deciduous dentition
about 6 months
35
when does the deciduous dentition begin to form
while the infant is in utero (before they are born)
36
how many teeth are there total in the deciduous dentition
5 per quadrant gives 20 total
37
when should an infant have a full set of deciduous dentition
2-3 years
38
what is the order of teeth in the deciduous dentition from most mesial to distal (one quadrant)
1x central incisor 1x lateral incisor 1x canine 2x molars
39
when would you expect to see the eruption of the first permanent molar
6 years
40
what ages do children have a mix of deciduous and permanent dentition
6-12 years
41
what is the crown of the tooth
the top portion of the tooth
42
where does the root of the tooth sit
within the alveolar process
43
what is the neck of a tooth
the portion where the crown and root meet
44
what is enamel
the white layer on the outside of the tooth which is hard and mineralised
45
is the enamel vascular or avascular
avascular so it cannot repair itself
46
is the dentine vascular or avascular
vascular - it has the ability to repair itself/remodel slightly
47
what is the pulp cavity
the space below the dentine
48
what is within the pulp cavity
blood vessels and nerves
49
what is the root canal
the space within the roots that allows the blood vessels and nerves to reach the pulp cavity/dentine
50
what is the alveolar bone
the bone that the teeth are sitting within
51
what are gingiva
gums - we don't often see these in an archeological context
52
what are the periodontal ligaments
DFCT that connects the tooth to the bone
53
what does cementum do
coat the outside surface of the dentine along the outside of the root
54
what is calculus
something that has deposited on the tooth over the course of the individuals lifetime but is not itself part of the skeleton
55
where does the temporalis attach
the temporal lines of the frontal/parietal/temporal bones and the coronoid process of the mandible
56
what is the function of the temporalis
elevation and retraction of the mandible
57
is the masseter superficial or deep
superficial
58
where does the masseter attach
the maxilla and inferior zygomatic arch the lateral mandible (angle and ramus)
59
what is the function of the masseter
elevation of the mandible
60
where does the lateral pterygoid attach
to the sphenoid and the mandibular condyle and joint capsule of the TMJ
61
what is the function of the lateral pterygoid
depression of the jaw and side to side movements
62
where does the medial pterygoid attach
the sphenoid, palatine and maxilla the ramus and angle of the mandible
63
what is the function of the medial pterygoid
elevation of the mandible and assistance in mastication
64
is the medial pterygiod superficial or deep
more deep
65
where does the nuchal ligament attach
the external occipital protuberance and nuchal lines of the occipital spinous process of C7
66
what is the function of the nuchal ligament
to limit flexion of the head and neck
67
what does the nuchal ligament work alongside
the spleniua wapitis and the trapezius
68
where does the sternocleidmastoid attach proximally
the mastoid process of the temporal bone
69
where does the sternocleidomastoid attach distally
the manubrium of the sternum and the anteromedial clavicle
70
what is the function of the sternocleidomastoid
unilateral: rotates the head to the opposite side, laterally flexes to the same side bilateral: flexes the neck and extends the head
71
where does the orbicularis oculi attach
around the eye socket
72
what is the function of the orbicularis oculi
strong closure of the eyelids
73
where does the orbicilaris oris attach
the alveolar border of the maxillae and anterior portion of the mandible
74
what is the function of the orbicularis oris
closure and protrusion of the lips
75
how can we use teeth eruption to estimate age
teeth typically erupt at known times so we can observe using an X-ray the pattern of teeth present in the mouth to estimate age
76
how can we estimate adult age from the teeth
adult tooth wear - this is not something you can look at in isolation because different cultures consume different diets
77
what do lines of linear hyperplasia indicate
a period of stress during the development of that individual
BIOA 201
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