Lecture 5

Question 1

what are the functions of the skull

Answer 1

is houses many of our sensory organs, protects the brain, it is important for respiration and digestion, it is also used in communication

Question 2

what is the cranium

Answer 2

the entire skull without the mandible including the anterior portion we refer to as the face

Question 3

what is the calvarium (cranial vault)

Answer 3

the cranium without the face

Question 4

what is the mandible

Answer 4

the lower jaw

Question 5

what is the base of the skull

Answer 5

the ‘floor’ of the skull where the brain is sitting

Question 6

which bones make up the base of the skull

Answer 6

the frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid, temporal, and occipital bones

Question 7

what are the meninges

Answer 7

layer of membrane that surround the brain, they stop fat brain from moving around too much in your skull - they leave meningeal grooves on the skull

Question 8

which bone has the deepest meningeal grooves

Answer 8

the parietal bone

Question 9

what are meningeal grooves useful for

Answer 9

piecing the skull back together if it is fragmented

Question 10

what are the orbits

Answer 10

the eye sockets

Question 11

what are the table and dipole of a bone

Answer 11

the table is the compact bone on the outside surface on either side and the dipole is the cancellous bone that sits between the tables

Question 12

what do endocranial and ectocranial mean

Answer 12

endo - inside the skull
ecto - outside the skull

Question 13

which part of the skull is covered by the frontal bone

Answer 13

the anterior and superior portion

Question 14

which bone forms the roof of the orbits

Answer 14

the frontal bone

Question 15

what bones articulate at the coronal suture

Answer 15

the frontal bone and the two parietal bones

Question 16

what bones does the frontal bone articulate with

Answer 16

the nasal bones, the parietals, the zygomatic, the temporal and the sphenoid

Question 17

is the frontal bone paired or unpaired

Answer 17

unpaired

Question 18

what is the suture between the two parietal bones called

Answer 18

the sagittal suture

Question 19

what bones articulate at the lambdoid suture

Answer 19

the two parietal bones and the occipital bone

Question 20

what do the parietal bones articulate with

Answer 20

the other parietal bone, the temporal, the frontal, the occipital and the sphenoid

Question 21

what is the temporal line

Answer 21

a ridge along the parietal bone that runs into the frontal bone - this is a useful muscle attachment site

Question 22

which bone forms the back of the cranial vault and comes down to join the base of the skull

Answer 22

the occipital

Question 23

where are the occipital condyles

Answer 23

on either side of the foramen magnum

Question 24

where does the first cervical vertebrae (atlas) articulate with the occipital bone

Answer 24

the occipital condyles

Question 25

what is the former magnum

Answer 25

a hole in the base of the skull where the spinal cord comes in

Question 26

what is the nuchal line

Answer 26

a curved ridge on the external surface of the occipital bone that serves as a critical attachment point for muscles and ligaments of the neck

Question 27

which structure forms the cheek bones

Answer 27

the zygomatic arch

Question 28

where is the temporal mandibular joint (TMJ)

Answer 28

the mandibular fossa

Question 29

what is the petrous portion of the temporal bone

Answer 29

a very dense part of the temporal bone that can be useful for identification of remains

Question 30

why can the petrous portion of the temporal bone be useful in identification of remains

Answer 30

because it is so dense it often survives very well even if the bone has been burnt

Question 31

what is the external auditory meatus important for

Answer 31

hearing

Question 32

what is the mastoid process

Answer 32

a roughened protrusion from the temporal bone - it is a really important muscle attachment site

Question 33

what is the temporal line

Answer 33

where the temporals muscle attaches

Question 34

is the temporal bone paired or unpaired

Answer 34

paired

Question 35

what bones does the temporal bone articulate with

Answer 35

the sphenoid, the zygomatic, the parietals and the occipital

Question 36

which bone is referred to as the keystone and why

Answer 36

the sphenoid bone because it articulates with almost all the other major bones of the skull

Question 37

which bones does the sphenoid articulate with

Answer 37

the frontal, the ethmoid, the temporals. the parietals and the occipital

Question 38

what are the greater wings of the sphenoid bone

Answer 38

the large bony areas

Question 39

what are the pterygoid plates of the sphenoid bone

Answer 39

paired bony projections extending downwards from the skull base

Question 40

which bone has the most holes in the human body

Answer 40

the sphenoid

Question 41

what is the maxilla

Answer 41

the upper jaw

Question 42

how many maxillae bones do we have

Answer 42

two that fuse down the midline

Question 43

what do the maxillae articulate with

Answer 43

the nasal bones, the frontal and the zygomatic

Question 44

what is the alveolar process

Answer 44

where the teeth articulate with the maxilla

Question 45

which bone forms the more inferior portion of the orbits

Answer 45

the maxillae

Question 46

which bones form the roof of the mouth (palate)

Answer 46

the maxillae

Question 47

which bones are between the orbits

Answer 47

the nasal bones

Question 48

what are the vomer

Answer 48

thin pieces of bone inside the nasal cavity that seperate the nasal cavities

Question 49

do vomer preserve

Answer 49

sometimes they can but they are very thin

Question 50

what does the zygomatic do

Answer 50

forms part of the cheek bones

Question 51

where do the nasal conchae sit

Answer 51

within the nasal cavity

Question 52

are the nasal conchae likely to preserve in an archeological context

Answer 52

no - they are too small

Question 53

how many bones of the face are there

Answer 53

14