Lecture 23

Question 1

Visceral component of the skull

Answer 1

Bones around the mouth

Question 2

Neural component of the skull

Answer 2

Bones protecting the brain

Question 3

To what does “cranium” refer?

Answer 3

The skull minus the mandible

Question 4

Viscerocranium

Answer 4

Formed by the union of the maxillary bones and the zygomatic bones

Question 5

Neurocranium

Answer 5

• Formed by bones making “calvaria” (skull cap)
• Fused frontal bones, paired parietal bones, squamous portion of temporal bones, and occipital bones
• Separated by sutures

Question 6

Inner table

Answer 6

• Compact bone

- Periosteuim attaches to dura mater

Question 7

Outer table

Answer 7

• Compact bone

- Periosteuim attaches to scalp

Question 8

Dipolë

Answer 8

• Cancellous bone
• Cancellous bones contains veins which are named for the area where they are located.
  Ex: occipital

Question 9

Sagittal suture

Answer 9

Separates the two parietal bones

Question 10

Coronal suture

Answer 10

Separates the frontal bone from the parietal bones and helps form the “soft spot,” or “bregma”, in the infant

Question 11

Lambdoidal suture

Answer 11

separates the occipital bone from the parietal bones

Question 12

Metopic suture

Answer 12

Separates the frontal bones prior to their fusion around 6 or 8 months of age

Question 13

Squamosal suture

Answer 13

Separates parietal from squamous portion of temporal bone

Question 14

Small Wormian/Suture bones

Answer 14

• may be found lying within the sutures of individual calvaria bones

Question 15

Diploic veins coursing within the dipolë

Answer 15

• Frontal veins
• Anterior temporal veins
• Posterior temporal veins
• Occipital veins

Question 16

Emissary veins

Answer 16

May pierce the skull and connect the veins of the scalp with diploid veins and internal venous sinuses

Question 17

The Orbit

Answer 17

Pyramid-shaped cavity which lies above the maxillary sinus and just lateral to the nasal cavity

Question 18

Found within the Orbit-Farmaina

Answer 18

• Optic canal (nerve and artery)
• Superior orbital fissure
• Inferior orbital fissure
• Infraorbital groove

Question 19

Borders of Orbit-Farmaina

Answer 19

Roof - frontal bone
Lateral side - Zygomatic bone
Floor/part of medial side: Maxillary bone
Medial side: Ethmoid bone
Medial side: Lacrimal bone
Orbital process of the palatine bone: Sphenoid bone and apex

Question 20

Pterion

Answer 20

• Formed at juncture of coronal suture with greater wing of sphenoid
• Bone is thinnest here (“Temple”)
• Fracture at pterion damages middle meningeal artery

Question 21

Bleeding from middle meningeal artery can result in…

Answer 21

Epidural hematoma (between dura mater and inner table of bone)

Question 22

Middle meningeal artery supplies…

Answer 22

dura matter

Question 23

Sphenoid bone

Answer 23

• greater wing, lesser wing, medial/lateral pterygoid plates, and body
• Body contains sphenoid sinus and hypophyseal fossa (sella turcica), housing pituitary gland

Question 24

Sphenoid body includes…

Answer 24

• Hypophyseal fossa
• Posterior clinoids (anterior clinoids part of lesser wing)
• Sella Turcica

Question 25

Frontal bone

Answer 25

- Forms the Orbital Plates - Covers the Orbits - Forms the forehead - Contain the frontal lobes

Question 26

Occipital Bone

Answer 26

- Forms the posterior portion & floor of the skull | - Contains the brainstem and cerebellum

Question 27

Temporal bone

Answer 27

- Joins with parietal bone and greater wing of sphenoid to make lateral aspect of neurocranium.

Question 28

Occipital bone parts

Answer 28

- Basilar part - Occipital condyle - Foramen magnum

Question 29

Temporal bone parts

Answer 29

- Mastoid process - External/Internal acoustic meadus - Styloid process - Squamous portion - Petrous portion (houses inner ear) - Zygomatic portion

Question 30

Inner ear responsible for...

Answer 30

- Hearing (cochlea) - Balance (semicircular canals) - CN VIII (vestibulocochlear) carries these to brain

Question 31

Three paired Cranial fossae

Answer 31

- Anterior cranial fossa - Middle cranial fossa - Posterior cranial fossa

Question 32

Posterior cranial fossa

Answer 32

- Formed by occipital bones, small portion of parietal, and petrous portion of temporal bone - Contains the cerebellum and brainstem

Question 33

Middle cranial fossa

Answer 33

- Formed by petrous and squamous portions of temporal bone, and greater wing of sphenoid. - The groove for the middle meningeal artery and body of sphenoid (w/ hypophyseal fossa) - contains temporal lobes of cerebral cortex

Question 34

Anterior cranial fossa

Answer 34

- Formed by lesser wing of sphenoid, orbital portion of frontal bone, and cribriform plate of ethmoid - contains frontal lobes of the cerebral cortex

Question 35

Crista galli

Answer 35

- "Rooster's comb" - protrudes up between cribriform plates - attachment point for the dura mater

Question 36

Mandible

Answer 36

- Lower jaw | - articulates w/ skull via temporomandibular joint (TMJ)

Question 37

Temporomandibular joint

Answer 37

- formed by articulation of mandibular fossa and head of mandible - Multiaxial joint: protrude, retract, elevate, and depress

Question 38

Parts of mandible

Answer 38

- head - neck - mandibular notch - coronoid process - ramus - angle - body - mental foramen - mandibular foramen - lingula (tongue)

Question 39

Site for a dental block?

Answer 39

Mandibular foramen! - Also, inferior alveolar nerve passes through and terminates as Mental Nerve

Question 40

Scalp is composed of... (superficial to deep)

Answer 40

- Skin - Connective tissue (dense; blood vessels and sensory nerve endings) - Aponeurotic layer (galea aponeurotica) - Loose connective tissue - Periosteum

Question 41

Parts of viscerocranium

Answer 41

- nasal bone - lacrimal bone - zygomatic bone - maxillae - inferior nasal conchae - unpaired vomer - palatine bone

Question 42

Parts of neurocranium

Answer 42

- frontal bone - parietal bone - ethmoid bone - sphenoid bone - temporal bone - occipital bone