Surface Final: Muscles

Question 1

Erector Spinae group

Answer 1

• Attaches to superior nuchal line down ribs to thoracolumbar aponeurosis
• extends neck and back together. Using one side, lateral flexion

Question 2

Splenius Capitis

Answer 2

• from mastoid process/superior nuchal line to C7-T4 spinous processes
• rotate and laterally flex head/neck to same side (one side); extend head and neck (both sides)

Question 3

Quadratus Lumborum

Answer 3

• from posterior iliac crest to last rib and transverse processes of L1-L4
• laterally flex trunk and laterally tilt hip (“hip hike”)

Question 4

Rectus abdominis

Answer 4

• from pubic crest to costal cartilage of lower ribs/xiphoid process
• trunk flexion and posterior tilt

Question 5

External oblique

Answer 5

• from 5-12 ribs to anterior part of iliac crest

- laterally flex trunk to same side, rotate to opposite side, flex trunk

Question 6

Internal oblique

Answer 6

• from lateral inguinal ligament and iliac crest to lower three ribs and abdominal aponeurosis
• laterally flex and rotate trunk to same side, and flex trunk

Question 7

Diaphragm

Answer 7

• from inner surface of lower 6 ribs, upper 2 or 3 lumbar vertebrae, and xiphoid process to central tendon
• increases volume of thoracic cavity during inhalation

Question 8

Intercostals

Answer 8

• bottom of rib above to top of rib below

- external: inhale, internal: forced exhale

Question 9

Sternocleidomastoid

Answer 9

• manubrium and clavicle to mastoid process

- cervical flexion (bilateral), lateral flexion to SAME side, and rotation to OPPOSITE (unilateral)

Question 10

Scalenes (anterior, middle, and posterior)

Answer 10

• cervical flexion and elevate ribs during breathing (bilateral), lateral flexion to SAME side, and rotation to OPPOSITE (unilateral)
• cervical transverse processes to 1st/2nd rib

Question 11

Masseter

Answer 11

• from zygomatic arch to angle and ramus of mandible

- elevate mandible at TMJ, and protract mandible

Question 12

Temporalis

Answer 12

• from temporal fossa to coronoid process of mandible

- elevate mandible at TMJ, and retract mandible