Lecture 28

Question 1

Nose - External Features

Answer 1

• free tip
• root
• external nares (nostrils)
• ala

Question 2

The external nares are separated by

Answer 2

septum

• anterior, cartilaginous part
• posterior, bony part

Question 3

What does the posterior, bony part of the septum consist of?

Answer 3

• vomer
• perpendicular plate of ethmoid bone
• perpendicular plate of palatine bone
• anterior nasal spine of maxillary bone

Question 4

Bony framework of nose includes

Answer 4

• nasal bones
• frontal portions of maxially bones
• nasal portion of the frontal bone

Question 5

In the cranium, the opening to the nose is…

Answer 5

the piriform fossa

Question 6

Muscles of the nose include…

Answer 6

• nasalis (opens nostrils)
• depressor septi (stabilizes septum)
• levator palpebrae superioris alaque (scrunches nose)

Question 7

Areas near nasal septum

Answer 7

• vestibule (airway of external nose)

- limen nasi (skin-to-mucus-membrane connection)

Question 8

Floor of nasal cavity

Answer 8

• palatine processes of maxillary bone

- horizontal plates of palatine bone

Question 9

Roof of nasal cavity

Answer 9

formed by cribiform plate

Question 10

Nasal conchae/turbinate bones

Answer 10

• found on lateral walls of nasal cavity
• covered by mucous membrane (warms and humidifies air)
• superior and middle conchae (inferior is its own bone) are part of ethmoid bone

Question 11

Meati (“passageways”)

Answer 11

• superior, middle, & inferior

- where nasolacrimal duct drains

Question 12

Spheno-ethmoidal recess

Answer 12

where sphenoid sinus drains

Question 13

Ethmoid bulla

Answer 13

• bulge lying underneath middle conchae

- caused by middle ethmoid air cells

Question 14

Haitus semilunaris

Answer 14

cleft underneath middle conchae where maxillary sinus, frontal sinus, and anterior ethmoidal air cells drain

Question 15

Opening for nasolacrimal duct

Answer 15

Lacrimal apparatus

Question 16

Parts of lacrimal apparatus (7)

Answer 16

• lacrimal gland
• lacrimal lake
• lacrimal caruncle
• lacrimal papillae
• lacrimal canaliculi
• lacrimal sac
• nasolacrimal duct

Question 17

Lacrimal gland

Answer 17

releases tears that migrate medially across conjunctiva

Question 18

Lacrimal lake

Answer 18

collects tears

Question 19

Lacrimal caruncle

Answer 19

red tissue lake

Question 20

Lacrimal papillae

Answer 20

small bump on medial eyelid

Question 21

Lacrimal canaliculi

Answer 21

ducts from puncta lacrimalia to lacrimal sac

Question 22

Lacrimal sac

Answer 22

• upper dilated end of nasolacrimal duct

- connects lacrimal canaliculi to nasolacrimal duct

Question 23

Nasolacrimal duct

Answer 23

• drains into nasal cavity

- runny nose!

Question 24

Nasal cavity SENSE OF SMEEL is supplied by…

Answer 24

olfactory nerves

Question 25

Nasal cavity SENSATION is supplied by...

Answer 25

branches of trigeminal nerve

Question 26

What other innervation is also present in nasal cavity for control of secretions and blood flow?

Answer 26

Sympathetic/parasympathetic (by CN VII) innervation

Question 27

Primary blood floor to nasal cavity is via the (direction) entering _______________ artery

Answer 27

- posteriorly | - sphenopalatine

Question 28

Sphenopalatine artery branches

Answer 28

- anterior ethmoidal artery - posterior ethmoidal artery - greater palatine artery - nasal branch of facial artery

Question 29

What significance do the paranasal sinuses have?

Answer 29

- give resonance to the voice | - lighten the skull

Question 30

Paranasal sinuses (4)

Answer 30

- maxillary sinuses (surround the nasal cavity) - frontal sinuses (above the eyes) - ethmoidal sinuses (between the eyes) - sphenoidal sinuses (behind the ethmoids)