Lecture 8: Basic Cell Biology

Question 1

3 tenets of Cell Theory

Answer 1

1. cells are the most basic functional units of life that can do all the functions of life
2. all organisms are composed of cells
3. all cells come from pre-existing cells

Question 2

what are the functions of life?

Answer 2

1. reproduction
2. metabolism
3. growth
4. response
5. homeostasis

Question 3

what function of life is demonstrated by the contractile vacuoles in a paramecium?

Answer 3

homeostasis

Question 4

cell division in bacteria?

Answer 4

binary fission

Question 5

what fundamental statement of cell theory explains mitosis?

Answer 5

3. all cells come from pre-existing cells

Question 6

common features of ALL cells

Answer 6

1. cell membrane: surrounds the cell
2. genetic material: DNA and RNA
3. Ribosomes: site of peptide synthesis
4. metabolism

Question 7

What is required for life to evolve?

Answer 7

1. formation of small molecules that contain carbon and hydrogen
2. formation of self-replicating information-containing molecules
3. development of membrane

Question 8

molecules found on early Earth

Answer 8

1. no free oxygen present
2. water vapor
3. Hydrogen gas
4. methane
5. ammonia
6. hydrogen sulfide
7. carbon dioxide

Question 9

3 domains of life

Answer 9

1. bacteria
2. archaea
3. eukaryotes

Question 10

Which of the domains of life are prokaryotes?

Answer 10

bacteria and archaea

Question 11

The first cells were….

Answer 11

1. heterotrophic prokaryotes: consumed other molecules to get energy
2. only life for 2 billion years
3. origins of modern day photosynthesis and respiration

Question 12

What is false about the amount of O2 present in the atmosphere since Early Earth

Answer 12

O2 is stable now

Question 13

cyanobacteria

Answer 13

current day photosynthetic prokaryotes

Question 14

do photosynthetic prokaryotes have chloroplasts?

Answer 14

no, prokaryotes do not have membrane-bound organelles; but, they do produce photosynthetically

Question 15

plants have ____ and ____

Answer 15

mitochon and chloroplasts

Question 16

all eukaryotes have

Answer 16

mitochondria

Question 17

what happens to the value of the ratio as the numerator becomes larger relative to the denominator?

Answer 17

the ratio gets bigger

Question 18

what determines the size of the cell?

Answer 18

the ratio of the surface area to the volume

Question 19

volume formula

Answer 19

L x W x H

Question 20

surface area

Answer 20

L x W (for all sides)

Question 21

differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes

Answer 21

1. prokaryotes have a single, circular chromosome. eukaryotes have multiple double helix chromosomes that are coiled around proteins
2. eukaryotes have membrane bound organelles; prokaryotes don’t

Question 22

chromatin vs chromosomes

Answer 22

chromatin = DNA + histone proteins; but it is unraveled DNA for replication and transcription

chromosomes = DNA + histone proteins; discrete linear molecules of DNA for hereditary

Question 23

Differential gene expression

Answer 23

cells in multicellular organisms differentiate to carry out specialized functions by expressing some of their genes but not others