inversion effects
said to occur for stimuli that people have difficulty noticing unusual details in when turned upside down, yet are easily detected when right side up.
strong for faces. . indicates that they are processed holistically (all at once)
perception
can be described as experience resulting from stimulation of the senses
can change based on what info is available.
involves active and constructive processes.
salience and attention
higher salience tends to grab out attention
inverse projection problem
refers to the task of determining the object responsible for a particular image on the retina
reasons it is difficult to design a perceiving machine
-stimulus on the receptors is ambiguous
-objects can be hidden or blurred
viewpoint invariance
the ability to recognize or understand an object or its properties despite changes in the observer’s viewing angle.
direct perception theories
focus on bottom up processing
perception comes from stimuli in the environment
parts are identified and put together , and then recognition occurs
construction perception theories
focus on top down processing
people actively construct perceptions using information based on expectations
bottom up processing
a data-driven approach to perception where understanding is built from the smallest sensory details up to a complete interpretation of an external stimulus, without the influence of prior knowledge or expectations
top down processing
the brain uses existing knowledge, experiences, expectations, and context to interpret new sensory information
