Binding
refers to the process by which features such as color , form, motion, and location are combined to create our perception of a coherent object
preattentive stage
features are extracted from objects
-automatic
-no effort or attention required
focused attention stage
features combined into whole , coherent objects
-attention plays a key role
-point at which binding errors typically occur
Feature integration theory (FIT)
key figure: Treisman
objects are analyzed into their features in the preattentive stage, and the features are later combined with the aid of attention.
object-> preattentive stage (analyze into features)-> focused attention stage (combine features) -> perception
illusory conjunctions
properties from different objects are erroneously bound together and perceived as being contained within the same object
memory
processes involved in retaining, retrieving, and using information about stimuli, events, ideas, and skills after the original information is no longer present.
active anytime some past experience has an impact on how you think or behave now or in the future.
modal model of memory
consists of three different stages of memory:
sensory memory-> short term memory -> long term memory
sensory memory
initial stage that holds all incoming info for seconds (auditory: echoic) or fractions of a second (visual: iconic)
short term memory
hold five to seven times for about 15-20 seconds
long term memory
permanent memory store that can hold a large amount of info for years or even decades
control processes
active processes supporting encoding that can be controlled by the person
maintenance rehearsal
minimal retention benefits (eg. repeating phone number to yourself over and over again)
elaborative rehearsal
optimal retention strategy (e.g., relating new info to previously encoded stuff)
iconic memory
brief sensory memory of the things that we see
responsible for persistence of vision
persistence of vision
an optical illusion where your eyes and brain retain an image for a fraction of a second after it has disappeared,
echoic memory
brief sensory memory of things that we hear
responsible for persistence of sound
persistence of sound
the lingering effect of a sound in a space after the original sound source has stopped
chunking
involves combining individual items into larger units of meaning to facilitate encoding/ retrieval
