Anatomy > LM3 > Flashcards

LM3 Flashcards

(52 cards)

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1
Q

What type of joint is the hip joint?

A
  • synovial ball and socket
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2
Q

What ligaments surround the hip joint?

A
  • iliofemoral: y-shaped. prevents overextension during standing
  • pubofemoral: arises from obturator crest. prevents overabduction
  • ischiofemoral: arises form ischial part
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3
Q

What movements are permitted by the hip joint?

A
  • Flexion/extension
  • abduction/adduction
  • lateral/medial rotation
  • circumduction
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4
Q

What is the blood supply of the head of the femur?

A
  • branches from the obturator artery
  • medial/lateral circumflex arteries
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5
Q

What is the blood supply of the hip joint?

A
  • medial/lateral circumflex femoral arteries
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6
Q

What is the nerve supply of the hip joint?

A
  • femoral
  • obturator
  • sciatic
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7
Q

What are the superficial gluteal muscles?

A
  • gluteus maximus
  • gluteus medius
  • gluteus minimus
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8
Q

What are the proximal attachments of the superficial gluteal muscles?

A
  • margins of the ala of the ilium
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9
Q

What are main actions of the superficial gluteal muscles?

A
  • extension
  • abduction
  • medial rotation of the hip
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10
Q

What are the deep gluteal muscles?

A
  • piriformis
  • obturator internus
  • externs gemelli
  • quadratus femoris
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11
Q

What are the distal attachments of the deep gluteal muscles?

A
  • intertrochanteric crest of the femur
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12
Q

What is the main actions of the deep gluteal muscles?

A
  • lateral rotators of the thigh
  • stabilise hip joint
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13
Q

What is the nerve supply of gluteus maximus?

A
  • inferior gluteal
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14
Q

What is the nerve supply of gluteus medius/minimus?

A
  • superior gluteal
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15
Q

What compartments are the thigh muscles divided into?

A
  • anterior compartment: extensors of the knee, flexor of the hip
  • posterior compartment: flexors of the knee, extensors of the hip
  • medial compartment: adductors of the hip
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16
Q

What comprises the hamstring muscles?

A
  • biceps femoris
  • semitendinosus
  • semimembranosus
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17
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the hamstring muscles?

A
  • ischial tuberosity
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18
Q

What is the distal attachment of biceps femoris?

A
  • head of the fibula
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19
Q

What are the distal attachments of semimembranosus and semitendinosus?

A
  • semimembranosus: medial condyle of tibia
  • semitendinosus: medial shaft of the tibia
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20
Q

What are the hamstring muscles innervated by?

A
  • sciatic nerve
  • BF: long head - tibial nerve, short head - common peroneal nerve
  • ST/SM: tibial nerve
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21
Q

What are the contents of the popliteal fossa?

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A
  • artery: popliteal artery
  • vein: popliteal vein
  • nerves: tibial, common perineal nerves (laterally)
  • lymphatics: small group of lymph nodes
22
Q

What are the nerve roots of sciatic nerve?

23
Q

What muscles comprise quadriceps femoris?

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A
  • rectus femoris
  • vastus lateralis
  • vastus medialis
  • vastus intermedius
24
Q

What muscles comprise the anterior thigh muscles?

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A
  • quadriceps femoris
  • sartorius
25
What are the anterior thigh muscles innervated by?
- femoral nerve (L2-L4)
26
What are the muscles of the medial compartment of the thigh?
- adductor longus - adductor magnus - adductor brevis - gracilis - obturator externus
27
What is the medial compartment of the thigh innervated by?
- obturator nerve
28
What composes the superior border of the femoral triangle?
- inguinal ligament
29
What nerve is in the femoral triangle?
- femoral nerve (L2, 3, 4)
30
What type of joint is the knee?
- synovial hinge
31
What ligaments surround the knee joint?
- medial/lateral collateral - anterior/posterior cruciate - medial/lateral meniscus
32
What is the nerve supply of the knee joint?
- femoral - obturator - common peroneal - tibial
33
Where does the sciatic nerve emerge from?
- pelvis via the greater sciatic foramen and passes midway between greater trochanter and ischial tuberosity
34
Where does the sciatic nerve normally divide?
- about mid-thigh level, just above the popliteal fossa
35
What the spinal roots of the lumbar plexus?
- L1, 2 , 3 and part of L4
36
What are the major peripheral nerves from the lumbar plexus that innervate the lower limb?
- femoral - obturator - lateral femoral cutaneous nerves
37
What are the spinal roots of the sacral plexus?
- L4, 5 - S1, 2 , 3
38
Where does the sacral plexus lie?
- anterior to the pisiformis muscle
39
What are the compartments of the leg?
- anterior - posterior - lateral
40
What are the anterior leg muscles?
- tibialis anterior - extensor hallucis longus - extensor digitorum longus - peroneus tertius
41
What is the anterior leg innervated by?
- deep peroneal nerve
42
What are the superficial posterior leg muscles?
- gastrocnemius - soleus - plantaris
43
What are the deep posterior leg compartment?
- tibialis posterior - flexor digitorum longus - flexor hallucis longus
44
What muscles are in the lateral leg?
- peroneus longus - peroneus brevis
45
What is the action of the anterior leg muscles?
- dorsiflexion - inversion
46
What is the action of the posterior leg muscles?
- plantarflexion - inversion
47
What is the action of the lateral leg muscles?
- eversion
48
What innervates the posterior leg?
- tibial nerve
49
What innervates the lateral leg?
- superficial peroneal
50
What is action of gastrocnemius?
- plantar-flexion: flexes leg at the knee joint
51
What is the action of soleus?
- plantar-flexion at ankle joint
52
What is the action of plantaris?
- provides more power planter-flexion at ankle joint
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