LM4

Question 1

What type of joint is the proximal tibiofibular joint?

Answer 1

• synovial plane gliding joint between head of fibula and posterolateral aspect of lateral tibial condyle

Question 2

What type of joint is the distal tibiofibular joint?

Answer 2

• strong fibrous syndesmosis between fibular notch at inferior ends of tibia and fibula that prevents separation of the two bone during weight bearing

Question 3

What is the function of the interosseous membrane in leg?

Answer 3

• unites the tibia and fibula
• separates muscles in anterior and posterior compartments
• provides attachments for muscles

Question 4

What is the nerve supply of the ankle joint?

Answer 4

• deep peroneal
• tibial

Question 5

Medial (deltoid) ankle ligament

Answer 5

• attaches to the medial malleolus proximally and to the body of the talus, calcaneus and navicular bones distally
• stabilises ankle joint during eversion and prevents subluxation of the joint

Question 6

Lateral ankle ligament

Answer 6

• weak
• from lateral malleolus to neck of talus
• from tip of lateral malleolus to lateral surface of calcaneus
• from lateral malleolus to lateral tubercle of the talus

Question 7

Role of the foot arches

Answer 7

• distribute weight over the foot
• act as a shock absorber and springboards for propelling

Question 8

Medial longitudinal arch of foot

Answer 8

• higher and more important than the lateral
• formed by calcaneus, talus, navicular, cuneiforms and medial three metatarsals
• tibialis anterior tendon strengthens medial arch
• fibularis longus tendon supports this arch

Question 9

Lateral longitudinal arch

Answer 9

• lower and flatter than medial
• formed by calcaneus, cuboid and lateral two metatarsals

Question 10

Transverse arch

Answer 10

• region of the bases of the metatarsals
• formed by cuboid, cuneiforms and bases of the MT bones

Question 11

What are the foot arches stabilised by?

Answer 11

• short interossei ligaments which hold tarsal bones together
• spring ligament
• long/short plantar ligaments
• muscle tone

Question 12

What type of joint is the tarsometatarsal joint?

Answer 12

• plane synovial joints
• between cuboid and cuneiform, baes of the 5 metatarsals

Question 13

What type of joint is the intermetatarsal joint?

Answer 13

• plane synovial joints
• between bases of lateral 4 metatarsals

Question 14

What type of joint is the metatarsophalangeal joint?

Answer 14

• synovial ellipsoid joint

Question 15

What are the foot joints stabilised by?

Answer 15

• strong collateral ligaments laterally
• deep transverse metatarsal ligament and plantar ligaments

Question 16

What are the intrinsic muscles on the dorsum of the foot?

Answer 16

• extensor digitorum brevis
• extensor digitorum longus
• extensor hallucis longus

Question 17

Muscles that move the great toe?

Answer 17

• abductor hallucis
• flexor hallucis brevis
• adductor hallucis

Question 18

Muscles that move the little toe

Answer 18

• abductor digiti minimi
• flexor digiti minimi brevis

Question 19

What action do the plantar and dorsal interossei muscles in the foot permit?

Answer 19

• adduction/abduction of toes around the axis of the second toe

Question 20

What are the lumbrical muscles in the foot attached to?

Answer 20

• tendons of flexor digitorum longus
• along with additional quadratus plantar (flexor accessorius)

Question 21

Role of quadratus plantae

Answer 21

• straighten the tendon of flexor digitorum

Question 22

What additional muscle is present in the foot and not in the hand?

Answer 22

• flexor digitorum brevis

Question 23

What are the intrinsic muscles of the foot innervated by?

Answer 23

• tibial nerve via medial and lateral plantar nerves

Question 24

What does the tarsal tunnel contain?

Answer 24

• tendon of tibialis posterior/flexor digitorum longus/flexor hallucis longus
• posterior tibial artery
• tibial nerve

Question 25

What muscles are in the anterior compartment of the leg?

Answer 25

- tibialis anterior - extensor digitorum longus - extensor hallucis longus - peroneus tertius

Question 26

What muscles are in the superficial posterior compartment of the leg?

Answer 26

- gastrocnemius - soleus - plantaris

Question 27

What muscles are in the deep posterior compartment of the leg?

Answer 27

- tibialis posterior - flexor digitorum longus - flexor hallucis longus

Question 28

What muscles are in the lateral compartment of the leg?

Answer 28

- peroneus longus - peroneus brevis

Question 29

What movement do the anterior muscles of the leg permit?

Answer 29

- dorsiflexion - inversion

Question 30

What movements do the posterior muscles of the leg permit?

Answer 30

- plantarflexion - inversion

Question 31

What movement does the lateral compartment of the leg permit?

Answer 31

- eversion

Question 32

What innervates the anterior compartment of the leg?

Answer 32

- deep peroneal nerve

Question 33

What innervates the posterior compartment of the leg?

Answer 33

- tibial nerve

Question 34

What innervates the lateral compartment of the leg?

Answer 34

- superficial peroneal nerve

Question 35

Where does the lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh cross?

Answer 35

- inferolaterally across iliacus

Question 36

Where does the femoral nerve pass?

Answer 36

- deep to the inguinal ligament

Question 37

Where does the obturator nerve pass?

Answer 37

- into the pelvis and under the superior pubic ramus

Question 38

Where does the sciatic nerve pass?

Answer 38

- through the greater sciatic foramen - inferior to pisiformis

Question 39

Where do the superior and inferior gluteal nerves pass?

Answer 39

- leave pelvis through greater sciatic foramen superior to and inferior to pisiforms respectively

Question 40

Lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh

Answer 40

- L2, 3 - emerges from lateral border of psoas major - passes lateral under inguinal ligament to supply skin overlying lateral thigh

Question 41

Obturator nerve

Answer 41

- L2-4 - arises from the lumbar plexus - provides sensory and motor innervation to the thigh - emerges from medial border of psoas major

Question 42

Femoral nerve

Answer 42

- L2-4 - merges from lateral aspect of psoas major muscle - enters thigh behind inguinal ligament - lies lateral to the femoral blood vessels in the femoral triangle

Question 43

Tibial nerve

Answer 43

- L4, 5, S1, 2 , 3 - lies in the popliteal fossa - passes into the leg between gastrocnemius and soleus - lies with posterior tibial artery and enters the sole of the door behind the medial malleolus - nerve divides into the medial and lateral plantar nerves which supply the muscles and skin of the sole of the foot

Question 44

Common peroneal nerve

Answer 44

- L4, 5, S1, 2 - lies along the lateral margin of the popliteal fossa and curves posteriorly around the neck of the fibula

Question 45

Superficial peroneal nerve

Answer 45

- supplies the muscles of the lateral compartment of the leg and skin of anterolateral distal 1/3 of leg and dorsal surface of the foot

Question 46

Deep peroneal nerve

Answer 46

- accompanies the anterior tibial artery - innervates the muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg and skin overlying the adjacent sides of the 1st and 2nd toes

Question 47

What are the general arteries of the lower limb?

Answer 47

- superior/inferior gluteal arteries - external iliac artery - femoral artery - popliteal artery - anterior tibial artery - posterior tibial artery - medial/lateral plantar arteries