lower limb

Question 1

iliac fossa

Answer 1

origin of ilacus

bowl to hold the contents of the lower abdominal cavity

Question 2

iliac crest

Answer 2

origin of: lattimus dorsi, transversus abdominus, internal oblique, tensor fascia latta, gluteus maximus

insertion of: external oblique

arching superior ridge of the ilium

Question 3

anterior superior iliac spine

Answer 3

origin of: tensor fascia latae

Question 4

greater sciatic notch

Answer 4

acts as a major structural opening (a passageway) on the posterior border of the ilium.

passageway for the large sciatic nerve, which carries innervation of the posterior leg

inverted U-shaped indentation on the posterior lower ilium

Question 5

pubic synthesis

Answer 5

origin of rectus abdominus

The pubic symphysis is a cartilaginous joint connecting the left and right pubic bones, acting as a critical stabilizer of the pelvis. Its primary functions include absorbing shock, supporting body weight, and allowing slight movement during walking or running.

Question 6

head of femur

Answer 6

The head of the femur is the rounded, cartilage-covered “ball” at the top of the thigh bone that fits into the pelvic socket (acetabulum) to form the hip joint. It facilitates a wide range of motion—including walking, running, and rotating the leg—while supporting upper body weight and providing stability

Question 7

neck of femur

Answer 7

acts as a critical structural bridge connecting the femoral head (ball) to the femoral shaft, enabling a wide range of motion at the hip joint, supporting body weight, and acting as a conduit for vital blood vessels that supply the femoral head.

common site of fracture

sandwiched between femoral head and greater trochanter

Question 8

greater trochanter of femur

Answer 8

insertion for: gluteus minimus and gluteus medius
origin for: vastus lateralis

Question 9

lesser trochanter of femur

Answer 9

insertion for: psoas major and illiacus

Question 10

gluteal tuberosity

Answer 10

insertion for: gluteus maximus

Question 11

Linea aspera

Answer 11

insertion for: anterior head of adducter magnus
origin for: short head of bicep femoris

Question 12

adductor tubercle

Answer 12

insertion for: adductor magnus

Question 13

lateral condyle

Answer 13

articulates with the lateral condyle of the tibia

Question 14

intercondylar fossa

Answer 14

is a deep groove on the distal femur that primarily houses and protects the knee’s cruciate ligaments (ACL and PCL), crucial for joint stability.

Question 15

patellar surface

Answer 15

articulates with the patellar surface of the femur

Question 16

lateral condyle

Answer 16

insertion for: iliotibial band

origin for: extensor digitorum longus

articulates with the lateral condyle of the femur to form knee joint

Question 17

medial condyle

Answer 17

insertion for: semimembranosus

articulates with the medial condyle of the femur

to form knee joint

Question 18

fibular notch

Answer 18

articulates with distal end of the fibula

forms the inferior tibiofibular joint

Question 19

tibular tuberosity

Answer 19

crucial attachment site for the patellar ligament.

insertion for all the quad muscles

Question 20

Medial malleolus

Answer 20

The medial malleolus of the tibia articulates with the medial surface of the talus (or the medial talar surface) to form part of the talocrural (ankle) joint.

Question 21

head of fibula

Answer 21

insertion for: both heads of bicep femoris

articulates with the lateral condyle of tibia to form proximal tibiofibular joint

Question 22

lateral malleolus

Answer 22

The lateral malleolus of the fibula articulates with the talus (at the talocrural/ankle joint) and the fibular notch of the tibia (at the distal tibiofibular joint). It forms the lateral part of the ankle mortise, crucial for stabilizing the ankle joint.

Question 23

ischial tuberosity

Answer 23

origin for: bicep femoris, semimembranosis, semitendonosis, adductor magnus

in the inferior ischium

attachment for the posterior thigh and also carries the weight of the body when sitting

refered to at the sitz bone

can feel when you wiggle your pelvis against a chair

Question 24

Obturator foramen

Answer 24

a large opening in the hipbone between the pubis and the ischium.

filled by a layer of connective tissue, large nerve passes through it

Question 25

pelvic brim

Answer 25

the dividing line between the greater and lesser pelvic regions; formed anteriorly by the superior margin of the pubic symphysis and posteriorly by the pectineal lines of each pubis, the arcuate lines of each ilium, and the sacral promontory.

Question 26

greater pelvis

Answer 26

space superior the pelvic brim.

Question 27

lesser pelvis

Answer 27

narrow, rounded space located within the pelvis, defined superiorly by the pelvic brim and inferiorly by the pelvic outlet.

Question 28

pelvic inlet

Answer 28

roof of the pelvis entrance to the pelvis

Question 29

pelvic outlet

Answer 29

floor of the lesser pelvis

Question 30

the pelvis and estrogen

Answer 30

The distance between the anterior superior iliac spines and the ischial tuberosities increases. Together these two changes increase the size of the pelvic outlet, which eases one anatomical constraint of childbirth. The female sacrum is wider, shorter, and less curved, and the sacral promontory projects less into the pelvic cavity, thus giving the female pelvic inlet (pelvic brim) a more rounded or oval shape compared to that of males.

Question 31

patella

Answer 31

knee cap, articulates with distal femur, largest sesamoid bone in body articulates with the patellar surface of the femur and thus prevents rubbing of the muscle tendon against the distal femur lifts the tendon away from the knee joint, which increases the leverage power of the quadriceps femoris (thigh) muscle it attaches to. The patella does not articulate with the tibia.

Question 32

tibia

Answer 32

The tibia is the main weight-bearing bone of the lower leg and the second longest bone of the body, after the femur. on the medial side easily palpated

Question 33

fibula

Answer 33

on the lateral side does not bear weight can not be palpated