bpk 325 > MSK > Flashcards

MSK Flashcards

(65 cards)

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1
Q

belly

A

large meaty center of a muscle

becomes larger during contraction

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2
Q

muscular dystrophies

A

set of related disorders

feature muscles that progressively weaken over time

as they lose strength, the muscle cells and organs shorten

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3
Q

duchenne muscular dystrophy

A

muscles of the pelvis, thighs and calves weaken first

no cure

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4
Q

maximus

A

the largest of a group

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5
Q

medius

A

medium sized in a group

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6
Q

minimus

A

the smallest of a group

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7
Q

brevis

A

short

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8
Q

longus

A

long

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9
Q

major

A

the larger of two

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10
Q

minor

A

the smaller of two

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11
Q

longissimus

A

the longest

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12
Q

rectus

A

straight muscle fibers

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13
Q

oblique

A

muscle fibers at an angle

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14
Q

Bone

A

Relatively sparsely innervated but highly vascular, bones receive 5-10% of cardiac output.

highly vascular - big blood supply

connective tissues

vital, active, broken down and reproduces

dense CT

protects internal organs

stores and releases fat

produces blood cells

stores and releases minerals

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15
Q

Cartilage

A

avascular and degenerates as bone formation progresses

connective tissues

specialized CT - articular, costal, elastic(outer ear)

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16
Q

Ligaments

A

Connective tissues

specialized CT - attach bone-bone

typically stabilized joints

damage is called a sprain;

tendon damage is strain

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17
Q

Specialized Structures

A

Connective tissues

Intervertebral dises

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18
Q

Pelvic girdle (hip bones)

A

Attachment point of lower limb

+ sacrum

Pelvic girdle and Pectoral girdle - join appedicular to axial skeleton

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19
Q

Endochondral ossification

A

the process of bone development from hyaline cartilage

most bones formed through

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20
Q

Medical imaging reveals stage of ossification through childhood

A

3 year old hand - carpal bones

15 year old hand - cartilage is replaced by bone

cartilage does not show up on x-rays

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21
Q

adult long bones

A

loger than they are wide, cylindrical in shape

function as levers; move when muscles contract

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22
Q

Articular Cartilage

A

covers proximal and distal ends

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23
Q

Periosteum

A

is densely innervated and very sensitive to tension and mechanical deformation - everywhere cartilage is not

bone will die without periosteum - supplies bones with blood - has a lot of nerves

subject to entire bone pulling force of muscle contraction

weaved with collagen

attachment site for tendons and ligaments

covers outer surface - contains blood vessels, nerves and lymphatic vessels that nourish compact bone

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24
Q

Innervated

A

Supplied by a nerve

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25
epiphyses
two ends of long bones (proximal and distal), filled with spongy bone
26
endosteum
lines inner surface of medullary cavity
27
diaphysis
shaft between two epiphyses
28
medullary cavity
long hollow region within diaphysis, filled with bone marrow
29
Bony markings and formations
Same term Markings appear on bones where tendons, ligaments, and fascia attach. Other formations primarily relate to joints and the passage of nerves and blood vessels. - pass through physical opening on bone
30
process
Process - any bony prominence
31
spine
Spine - Sharp, slender, often pointed projection
32
epicondyle
Epicondyle - Raised area on or above a condyle
33
tubercle
Tubercle - small rounded projection or process. small bump
34
line
Line - Narrow ridge of bone; less prominent
35
crest
Crest - Narrow ridge of bone; usually prominent
36
trochanter
Trochanter - Very large blunt, irregular shaped process (the only examples are on the femur)
37
tuberosity
large rounded projection; may be roughened. big bump
38
rasmus
Ramus - Armlike bar or bone
39
condyle
Condyle - Rounded articular projections projection that helps form joint
40
facet
Facet - Smooth, nearly flat articular surface projection that helps form joint
41
head
Head - bony expansion carried on a narrow neck projection that helps form joint
42
fissure
Fissure - Narrow, slit-like opening Bone Marking - Depressions and Openings allowing blood vessels and nerve to pass
43
meatus
Bone Marking - Depressions and Openings allowing blood vessels and nerve to pass
44
sinus
Bone Marking - Depressions and Openings allowing blood vessels and nerve to pass Sinus - Cavity within a bone, filled with air and lined with mucous membrane
45
fossa
Bone Marking - Depressions and Openings allowing blood vessels and nerve to pass Fossa - Shallow, basin-like depression in bone, often serving as an articular surface
46
groove
Bone Marking - Depressions and Openings allowing blood vessels and nerve to pass Groove - Furrow
47
fissure
Bone Marking - Depressions and Openings allowing blood vessels and nerve to pass Foramen (foramina =singular) - Round or oval opening through bone
48
Origin
Does not move during contraction fixed (unmoveable) end of a muscle; generally attached to a bine
49
Pennate Muscles
blend into tendon that runs through the central region of a muscle for it whole length -> tend to not produce a lot of motion, but can produce a lot of force.
50
Circular (orbicularis occuli)
Ie/ Sphincter, urethra when they relax, size of opening increases
51
Fusiform (biceps brachii)
Parallel muscles with larger belly
52
Flat parallel muscle with aponeurosis (external oblique)
Same direction plump center is called a belly
53
Bipennate (rectus femoris)
Fascicles on both sides of the tendon quad
54
Unipennate (extensor digitorum longus)
Fascicles located on one side of the tendon
55
Multipennate (deltoid)
Muscle branches within muscle
56
Convergent ( pectoralis major)
Widespread origin whose fascicles come to a single common insertion point
57
Pennation
Internal morphology Oblique arrangement of fibres, at an angle on the line of action of the tendon
58
Hamstring
less pennation (or a smaller pennation angle). Produce less whole muscle force.
59
Quadriceps
more pennation (or a larger pennation angle). Produce more whole muscle force.
60
Prime mover
Muscle involved in an action Ie/ bicep brachii in elbow flexion
61
Synergists
contribute to motion by either flexing the joint or stabilizing the insertion Ie/ brachioradialis and brachialis
62
Fixator
If muscle stabilizes the insertion
63
Agonist
Prime mover whose action is responsible for a particular movement Ie/ bicep brachii in elbow flexion
64
Antagonist
Muscle whose action is opposite of the agonist Ie/ tricep brachii in elbow flexion maintain body or limb position and help provide resistance to some movements to help with movement fluidity
65
the pennation angle (PA)
the angle between the muscle fibre and the tendon/aponeurosis to which it attaches
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