1
Q
What does MARPOL stand for?
A
The International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships
2
Q
Which annex sets discharge limitations for garbage?
A
Annex V
3
Q
What is covered under Annex II?
A
Control of Pollution by Noxious Liquid Substances in Bulk?
4
Q
Which Annex creates Emission Control Areas?
A
Annex VI
5
Q
When was MARPOL first adopted?
A
1973
6
Q
Which Annex requires vessels to be prepared for oil spills?
A
Annex I
7
Q
Which annex controls the discharge of sewage from vessels?
A
Annex IV
8
Q
Which annex is focused on prevention of pollution of the air?
A
Annex VI
9
Q
In general terms, what does MARPOL aim to achieve?
A
MARPOL aims to prevent pollution of the marine environment by vessels, both from routine operational discharges and from accidental discharges in emergencies
10
Q
Which annex is closely linked to the IMDG Code?
A
Annex III - Prevention of Pollution by Harmful Substances Carried by Sea in Packages Form
11
Q
Into which category would oil used to lubricate the main engine fall?
A
Oil from machinery spaces
12
Q
Are petrochemicals covered under MARPOL Annex I?
A
No, petrochemicals fall under the auspices of MARPOL Annex (Noxious Liquid Substances in Bulk)
13
Q
What are the two categories of oil pollution considered by MARPOL Annex I?
A
- Oil from machinery spaces
- Oil from cargo spaces
14
Q
Are passenger vessels required to carry an ORB Part II?
A
No, only tankers over 150gt are required to
15
Q
Which vessels are required to have an IOPPC?
A
Every vessel over 400gt and oil tankers over 150gt
16
Q
What are the survey internals for the IOPPC?
A
The IOPPC is valid for 5 years and is subject to annual and intermediate surveys during that period and a renewal survey at the end of the 5 year period
17
Q
In which record book would the collection and disposal of oily bilge residues be recorded?
A
This is a machinery space operation so it would be recorded Part I of the Oil Record Book
18
Q
How often does the Engineer sign the Oil Record Book?
A
On completion of each operation
19
Q
What does SOPEP stand for?
A
Shipboard Oil Pollution Emergency Plan
20
Q
When discharging oil from a machinery space, what is the maximum oil content in an effluent mixture measured in parts per million (PPM)?
A
15PPM
21
Q
When may a small workboat operating in the Red Sea discharge oil?
A
Assuming that the vessel is less than 400gt, the same requirements apply regardless of whether they are inside or outside of a special area. In both cases, the vessel must be en route, have approved oil filtering equipment fitted and the effluent must not exceed 15PPM
22
Q
When may a vessel discharge oil in the Antarctic?
A
Never. Under the Polar Code, all discharges of oil or oil mixtures in the Arctic and Antarctic are prohibited
23
Q
How much of its original cargo may a tanker discharge?
A
The total discharge must not exceed 1/30,000th of the original cargo and discharges from a cargo space are only permitted to occur outside of a special area
24
Q
Which system uses rotation to separate oil and water?
A
Centrifugal oily water separator
25
Why are segregated ballast tanks required?
To separate ballast water from oil cargoes so that there is no risk of contamination
26
Which system is typically fitted to slop tanks and takes advantage of the fact that oil and water don't mix easily?
Oil/water interface detector
27
What is the difference between an ODME and an ODMCS?
Oil Discharge Monitoring Equipment is used to monitor discharges from machinery spaces whereas Oil Discharge Monitoring and Control Systems are used to monitor discharged from cargo spaces
28
What does SOPEP stand for?
Shipboard Oil Pollution Emergency Plan
29
How often is the IMO's List of National Operational Contact Points updated?
Every 3 months
30
What is the minimum requirement for the carriage of SOPEP equipment?
There is no minimum requirement. The quantity is risk-assessed by the crew/company and accepted as being adequate when the SOPEP plan is approves. Once documented in the approved-SOPEP plan, the quantity must be maintained
31
Which vessels are required to carry a SOPEP plan?
All vessels over 400gt and oil tankers over 150gt
32
Which category of waste is anything generated in a medical space onboard?
Black water
33
Which category of waster originates from showers onboard?
Grey water
34
To which vessels does MARPOL Annex IV apply?
All vessels over 400gt or those certified to carry more than 15 persons
35
Which category of waste is anything from a toilet onboard?
Black water
36
What does ISPPC stand for?
International Sewage Pollution Prevention Certificate
37
Why would a vessel also carry a 'type-approval' certificate in order to comply with Annex IV?
If the vessel is fitted with a 'sewage treatment plant' or a 'comminuting and disinfecting plant', the plant needs to itself be certified as meeting the requirements of the Annex. It will therefore be issued a 'type-approval' certificate
38
Where are records of sewage discharge recorded?
Sewage discharges must be recorded but Annex IX doesn't provide a standard format for doing so (online the Oil Record Books in Annex I or the Garbage Record Books in Annex V). Vessels may carry a Sewage Record Book or they may record discharged in the Engine Room Log Book
39
Which vessel types does the Baltic Sea special area apply to?
Passenger vessels
40
Where can effluent from a sewage treatment plant be discharged?
Under MARPOL Annex IV, it can be discharged anywhere (inside 3nm from land), although other national or local by-laws may prevent discharges in ports
41
Which piece of equipment enabled a vessel to discharge sewage outside of 3nm from land?
A comminuting and disinfecting system
42
Where can untreated, aw sewage be discharge?
Raw sewage can only be discharged outside 12nm from land or to a reception facility ashore
43
What type of equipment is required for vessels who will only discharge their sewage ashore or outside of 12nm?
A holding tank
44
To which vessels does MARPOL Annex V apply?
It applies to all ships, irrespective of size, including offshore platforms and non-commercial craft
45
Which type of pollutant is covered under MARPOL Annex V?
Gargabe
46
When can food waste be discharges while navigating in a special area?
Inside a special area, comminuted food waste may be discharged when 12nm or more from land, while en route
47
When can food waste be discharged outside a special area?
Outside of a special area, comminuted food waste may be discharged outside 3nm and whole food waste may be discharged outside of 12nm
48
How many categories of garbage are there?
There are nine garbage categories, plus two further categories of cargo residues
49
When is it permitted for cleaning agents and additives in deck wash water to enter the water?
Discharge of cleaning agents and additives in deck wash is permitted in all areas, provided that the cleaning agents/additives used are not harmful to the marine environment
50
How must used cooking oil be disposed of an under which Annex of MARPOL does it fall?
Cooking oil falls under MARPOL Annex V and must be treated as garbage. It can be disposed of by incineration or by being discharged to a shoreside reception facility. It must not be discharged overboard or combined with oily residues under Annex I
51
Which document explains how garbage is to be stored onboard?
The Garbage Management Plan
52
Where are discharges of garbage recorded?
All discharged of garbage are recorded in the vessel's Garbage Record Book
53
Which vessels are required to carry an International Garbage Pollution Prevention Certificate?
Nobody! There is no certification required under MARPOL Annex V
54
When garbage is discharged ashore, what other form of record must be obtained and kept?
Receipts must be obtained from shoreside authorities, or those responsible for receiving the garbage, to prove that the garbage was disposed of properly. These must be kept with the Garbage Record Book
55
Who should the Garbage Management Plan designate?
The GMP must designate the person responsible for the implementation of the plan. This is often the Chief Officer or Chief Engineer
56
When are vessels required to carry a Garbage Management Plan?
Every vessel over 100gt or carrying more than 15 persons onboard is required to carry a Garbage Management Plan (GMP)
57
Which part of the Garbage Record Book should a shoreside discharge of garbage be recorded?
Garbage discharges (regardless of their destination) are recorded in Part I of the Garbage Record Book
58
When are vessels required to maintain a Garbage Record Book?
From 1st May 2024 all vessels over 100gt or carrying more than 15 persons must maintain a Garbage Record Book (GRB). Previously, this requirement only extended to vessels over 400gt
59
Where do NOx come from?
Nitrous oxides are producing during the combustion process in a vessel's engines
60
Where do VOCs come from?
In the maritime context, VOCs mostly originate from evaporation from surface of oil products during loading, discharge and while on passage
61
Within an ECA, what is the sulphur content limit?
0.1%
62
Which type of scrubber sprays sea water across the exhaust gases to remove pollutants?
Open-loop scrubbers
63
When must the fuel changeover procedure be started, when approaching an ECA?
In sufficient time that the changeover can be completed (as per the Fuel Changeover Procedure) and the emissions leaving the funnel be from low-sulphur fuel before entering the ECA
64
How many Emission Control Areas are there?
Five are currently in force
1. Baltic Sea
2. North Sea
3. Unites States Caribbean Sea
4. North American Sea Area
5. Mediterranean Sea
65
Which engines/generators are required to have an EIAPPC?
Each generator or engine over 130kW (for vessels constructed after 1st January 2000) is required to have its own Engine International Air Pollution Prevention Certificate (EIAPPC) stating which standard it meets
66
How do tankers manage VOC emissions?
Tankers carrying crude oil are required to have an approved VOC Management Plan detailing how they minimise the escape of VOCs during their operations
67
What is a NOx Technical File?
Engines/generators which are required to have an EIAPPC are also required to have a NOx Technical File **detailing all of the components and settings which may affect the NOx emissions** of the engine
68
Vessels which have ODS-containing rechargeable refrigeration systems are required to carry what?
Vessels must maintain an ODS Record Book, which details the recharge, discharge and maintenance of such systems
69
What additional requirement apply to newer vessels wishing to operate in an ECA?
Vessels built after 1st January 2016 mist be fitted with ***Tier III engines*** in order to operate in the North American or US Caribbean Sea Emission Control Areas, and the same rule applies for vessels built after 1st January 2021 operating in the Baltic or North Sea ECAs
70
How are ODS emissions controlled on newly-built vessels?
For ships constructed after1st January 2020, Annex VI simply bans the use of all ODS in rechargeable systems
71
What is the main objective of the EEDI?
To minimise the CO2 emissions of newly-built vessels
72
Which vessels are required to have an IEEC?
The **International Energy Efficiency Certificate** (IEEC) is required under Annex XI for every vessel **over 400gt**
73
What does the IEEC certify?
That the vessel is **meeting the requirements** of the Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI)/Energy Efficiency Existing Ship Index (EEXI) and is activly managing its energy efficiency through a **Ship Energy Efficiency Management Plan** (SEEMP)
74
What is the difference between the Required EEDI and the Attained EEDI?
The Required EEDI is what the vessel is required to meet under Annex VI and the Attained EEDI is what the vessel actually achieved
75
What is the difference between EEDI and EEXI?
The Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI) applies to new vessels, whereas the Energy Efficiency Existing Ship Index (EEXI) applies to existing vessels
76
Which vessels are required to report their fuel consumption?
Vessels over 5000gt are required to report their fuel consumption to their Flag State each year
77
What does Annex VI required a vessel to do to manage and improve its energy efficiency over time?
Vessels over 400gt on international voyages are required to develop a Ship Energy Efficiency Management Plan SEEMP to highlight areas of potential improvement of fuel efficiency and to implement those improvements. Once implemented, they are monitored and evaluated, and further plans are made to continue a virtuous cycle of efficiency improvements
78
What is the EEDI/EEXI Technical File?
Vessels must carry an EEDI or EEXI Technical File to demonstrate how the Attained EEDI or EEXI was calculated
79
Which grade of CII required a vessel to submit and implement a corrective action plan if a vessel is so rated for three years?
d.
80
When was the Ballast Water Management Convention adopted?
8th September 2017
81
What certification is required under BWMC?
All vessels over 400gt must be issued with an International Ballast Water Management Certificate (IBWMC) which certified that the vessel conducts ballast water management operations in accordance with the convention and is using an appropriate method of ballast water exchange or treatment
82
What records are kept of ballast water operations?
The Ballast Water Record Book (BWRB) records when ballast water is taken overboard, discharged, exchanged and treated, as well as any accidental or exceptional discharges. The BWRB may be maintained in either paper or electronic form
83
What are the requirements for a Ballast Water Management Plan?
Vessels must carry a ship-specific Ballast Water Management Plan (BWMP) detailing how they manage ballast water in compliance with IBWMC. Each plan should have a designated Ballast Water Management Officer who has overall responsibility for the vessel's records and for ensuring that the plan is being adhered to
84
What is the difference between an 'alien species' and an 'invasive species'?
An alien species is one which is introduced outside its natural distribution, whereas an invasive species is one which harms the environment into which it is introduced
85
Why might a vessel conduct 'flushing'?
To remove excess sediment which has built up in the ballast tanks
86
Where are ballasting operations recorded and what will be recorded?
In the Ballast Water Record Book. Records will include start/stop times, distances offshore, minimum sea depths, quantity, exchange/treatment method (if applicable) and the responsible person
87
Why can ballast water exchange operations be dangerous?
Some methods of ballast water exchange can affect a vessel's stability if not connected carefully and in appropriate conditions
88
What will the Ballast Water Management plan contain?
It will contain, as a minimum, the following: vessel's particulars, vessel's plans, ballast water sampling points, operation of the ballast water system, safety procedures, procedures for disposal of sediments, and requirements for record keeping
89
What are the depth/distance requirements for ballast water exchange under the D1 standard?
The vessel must be at least 200nm from the nearest land and the depth of water must be at least 200m. If this is not possible, then the vessel should be as far from the nearest land as possible but at least 50nm and have a sea depth of at least 200nm
90
What is the D2 standard under the BWMC?
Treatment of ballast water
91
Ballast water treatment methods use one of what three key approaches?
Mechanical, physical or chemical
92
What is the difference between the dilution and flow-through methods of ballast water exchange?
The flow-through methods pumps water into the bottom and lets the tank overflow, whereas the dilution method pumps water into the top and discharges at the same rate from the bottom of the tank
93
When conducting ballast water exchange, what percentage of the volume must be exchanged?
At least a 95% volumetric exchange
94
Which of the ballast water exchange is most dangerous?
Unless carefully managed the sequential method can pose a danger to the vessel due to stresses on the vessel and adverse effects on its stability condition
95
What is the purpose of the Anti-fouling Convention?
To ban certain harmful compounds and precent others being used in antifouling in the future
96
When is an International Anti-fouling System Certificate required to be issues and renewed?
All vessels over 400gt on international voyages must carry an IASC. The certificate doesn't have an expiry but it must be renewed whenever more than 25% of the anti-fouling system is changed
97
Which vessels are rewired to carry a Biofouling Management Plan?
The IMO's Biofouling Guidelines are, as the name suggests, not mandatory but the IMO recommends that every vessel has a Biofouling Management Plan in place
98
What is recorded in the Biofouling Record Book?
All inspections and biofouling management measures undertaken on the ship
99
What is the full title of the Hong Kong Convention?
The Hong Kong International Convention for the Safe and Environmentally Sound Recycling of Ships
100
What is the purpose of the Hong Kong Convention?
It was adopted to ensure that vessels, when recycled after reaching the end of their operational lives, do not pose risks to human health, safety or the environment
101
What is an IHM?
Inventory of Hazardous Materials
102
Which part(s) of the Inventory of Hazardous Materials will a new vessel carry?
Part I, which documents the hazardous materials in the vessel's structure and equipment
103
Which part(s) of the Inventory of Hazardous Materials are only required for a vessel which is preparing to be recycled?
- Part II - Operational wastes
- Part III - Stores
104
Which document is drawn up by the recycling facility and approved prior to work commencing?
A Ship Recycling Plan (SRP)
105
What does a Ship Recycling Plan contain?
The Ship Recycling Plan sets out how the recycling process will be carried out. It includes details such as the proposed dismantling sequence, procedures for managing hazardous materials, and safety and emergency measures
106
Which certificate is issued after the initial survey under the Hong Kong Convention?
International Certificate on inventory of Hazardous Materials
107
Which certificate is issued after the final survey, confirming that the vessel is ready to be recycled?
International ready for Recycling Certificate
108
The IMO Initial Strategy envisages a reduction of total annual GHG emissions of how much by 2050?
50%
109
What is the IMO's approach to climate change called?
The 'Initial Strategy on the reduction of GHG emissions from ships' or 'IMO 2050'
110
Under which Annex of MARPOL are energy efficiency-related goals being pursued?
MARPOL Annex VI (Air Pollution)
111
What is a Particularly Sensitive Sea Area?
An area of the sea that requires special protection and which is particularly susceptible to damage caused by maritime activities
112
113
What's the difference between a Special Area and a PSSA?
A PSSA is distinct from a Special Area. The Latter tend to be larger areas designated under one of the MARPOL Annexes, although they are not mutually exclusive and overlap in many cases
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
Which vessels are required to have an IAPPC?
Every vessel over 400gt must hold an International Air Pollution Prevention Certificate
121
What is the sulphur content limit outside of an ECA?
0.5%
122
What are ODS and what do they do?
Ozone Depleting Substances destroy ozone molecules in the Earth's atmosphere and contribute to an overall depletion of the ozone layer, which exposes us to excessive UV radiation on the surface
123
Which pollutant is created in proportion to the content of a molecule in a vessel's fuel?
Sulphur Oxides (SOx)
124
Which vessels are required to port placards to notify the crew and passengers of the garbage discharge limitations?
It is mandatory for all vessels over 12m in length and every fixed or floating platform to display placards onboard to notify the crew and passengers of the garbage discharge limitations
125
What are the special areas under MARPOL Annex V?
The Antarctic Area, Baltic Sea, Black Sea, Red Sea, Mediterranean Sea, Wider Caribbean Region, North Sea and The Gulf Area
126
May a large container ship in the middle of the Atlantic discharge oil?
It is not in a special area and therefore may discharge oil from its machinery spaces when it is en route, provided that the oil is processed by approves oil filtering equipment and the effluent doesn't exceed 15PPM. As a large container ship would be over 10,000gt that altering equipment must feature an alarm and auto shut off
OOW 3000 Big One!
flashcards
Decks in class (20)
# Cards
-
Light Characteristics31
-
GMDSS156
-
Bridge Procedure Guides16
-
ISM75
-
Safety Module49
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LSA, FFE and Emergency Response139
-
Response to Emergencies58
-
Business and Law161
-
General bits19
-
MAPROL and Environment126
-
Safe Watch and Passage Planning and Chart Publications127
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Tide, Terrestrial Navigation and Celestial Navigation100
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ECDIS60
-
Chart Symbology40
-
Radar and ARPA54
-
GNSS and ARPA30
-
Compass, Logs, Autopilot, Echo sounder67
-
Stability38
-
Meteorology35
-
Pre Exam Questions16
