Measuring Globalisation

Question 1

Zambia:

• 8th largest producer of raw and processed (1)
• Landlocked so relies on (2) to access ports by (3)
• 1860km railway named (4) developed using (5) investment and upgraded since 2000 causing an increase in exports by (6)

Answer 1

• copper
• political relations
• rail
• TamZam railway
• Chinese
• 2008

Question 2

Zambia:

• Benguela rail link carries copper to (1) by (2) investment
• Zambia’s debt was reduced by (3)
• (4) of FDI in copper industry
• By 2014 (5) of adults could access the internet

Answer 2

• Angolan coast
• Chinese
• Debt cancellation and privatisation
• $20 billion
• 23%

Question 3

Tanzania:

• Fertile (1) soil so (2) of working population in agriculture
• Global overproduction of (3) so prices decreased
• GDP fluctuates due to (4) as they are less able to (5)

Answer 3

• volcanic
• 80%
• cotton
• no guaranteed income
• import goods

Question 4

Tanzania:

• (1) (HIPC) had many debts cancelled to invest in schools and health
• Increasing (2) links
• (3) of adults could access internet in 2014

Answer 4

• Heavily Indebted Poor Countries
• Investment
• 26%

Question 5

What three countries are affected most by poverty in the Sahel?

Answer 5

Chad, Mali and Burkino Faso

Question 6

Why are Chad, Mali and Burkino Faso LEDCs? (5)

Answer 6

• Poor management of natural resources
• Availability of Human Resources dating back to colonial times
• Lack coastline to attract FDI
• Desertification
• Extremist environments make infrastructure more expensive

Question 7

Why are farmers part of the poverty problem in poor areas of the Sahel?

Answer 7

• May become dependent on aid
• Some grow cash crops for TNCs e.g. cotton in Mali but for poor wages so little spending power = not viable markets for investment = switched off from consumer networks

Question 8

The Sahel:

• Rapid economic growth in (1) provides hope
• Mali’s (2) have large global interest on YouTube
• Conflicts in the region involve links to (3) global terror network

Answer 8

• Nigeria
• folk musicians
• Al Qaeda’s

Question 9

Define a ‘switched on place’

Answer 9

Nations, regions or cities connected to other places through production and consumption of goods and services

Question 10

Give two environmental reasons why a place may be switched on or off

Answer 10

• vulnerable to climate change and natural hazards e.g. Philippines
• poor resources for agriculture e.g. Eritrea

Question 11

Give four economic reasons why a place may be switched on or off

Answer 11

• controlled by TNCs due to old trade agreements e.g. Sierra Leone
• low prices for food exports due to overproduction and trade rules e.g. Ethiopia
• physical isolation and land locked location deters FDI e.g. Niger
• Infighting over resources e.g. Sudan

Question 12

Give four political reasons why may be why a place is switched on or off

Answer 12

• Lack of skills and education deters TNCs e.g. Somalia
• Political isolation e.g. North Korea
• Resources controlled by small elite e.g. Zimbabwe
• Ethnic clashes and civil war e.g. DR Congo

Question 13

What can be used to measure globalisation? (4)

Answer 13

Flows
Media
Movements
Technologies

Question 14

What is the scale, categories and weightings of the KOF index?

Answer 14

1-100 (most globalised)
Economic - 37%
Social - 39%
Political - 24%

Question 15

What makes up the economic category of the KOF index?

Answer 15

• Actual flows and restrictions
• Cross border transactions
• Volume of FDI

Question 16

What makes up the social aspect of the KOF index?

Answer 16

• Personal contact
• Information flow
• Cultural proximity

Question 17

What makes up the political aspect of the KOF index?

Answer 17

• Diffusion of gov policies
• Membership of IGO
• Number of foreign embassies
• Participation in international treaties

Question 18

What are the four main indicators of the AT KEARNEY index?

Answer 18

• Political engagement e.g. peacekeeping organisations
• Technological activity e.g. internet users
• Personal contact e.g. remittance payments
• Economic integration e.g. FDI

Question 19

What makes the AT KEARNEY different from the KOF index?

Answer 19

• Scale of 0-1 not 0-100
• FDI and telephone traffic have double weighting
• Covers 96% of global GDP
• Covers 84% of global population
• Only includes 64 countries

Question 20

Name three forms of globalisation

Answer 20

Economic
Cultural
Political

Question 21

What is the globalisation index?

Answer 21

Tracks and assess four components of global integration, in 2007 ranked 72 countries which covered 97% of the world’s GDP and 88% of population.

Question 22

What four components does the globalisation index include?

Answer 22

• Economic integration from FDI, inflows and outflows and travel and tourism
• Personal contact including remittances and international phone calls
• Tech connectivity for the number of internet users
• Political engagement in IGOs

Question 23

Name the first and last KOF countries in 2016

Answer 23

Netherlands 91.7

Puerto Rico 53.49

Question 24

Give some advantages of the KOF index

Answer 24

• used since 1970
• weighting system accounts for missing data and discrepancies
• 24 variables
• 158 countries

Question 25

Give some disadvantages of the KOF index

Answer 25

- some countries shown as more globalised than they really are - Internet skews data - over represents small countries e.g. Belgium - informal economies and illegal migrants not accounted for - shared diplomatic offices not included

Question 26

Give two advantages of the Kearney index

Answer 26

- 96% of GDP and 84% population | - comparison over time

Question 27

Give some disadvantages of the Kearney index

Answer 27

- bias for small countries - smaller countries have greater need of FDI - only 64 countries included - no explanation for measurement of cultural trends - weightings not clear

Question 28

Give an example of economic globalisation

Answer 28

Flows of goods or trade

Question 29

Give an example of social globalisation

Answer 29

Spread of culture

Question 30

Give an example of political globalisation

Answer 30

Shared political ideas/ diplomatic offices

Question 31

Give an example of cultural globalisation

Answer 31

Chain restaurants

Question 32

Identify four of the main global flows

Answer 32

Goods/ capital People Technologies Culture

Question 33

Name the three factors that have led to the expansion of TNCs

Answer 33

Motive Means Mobility

Question 34

Describe motive as a factor of expanding TNCs

Answer 34

- Economies of scale - Capitalism - Horizontal integration (buying up the competition) - Vertical integration (owning every stage of production)

Question 35

Describe means as a way of expanding TNCs

Answer 35

- Investing overseas | - Reverse colonialism

Question 36

Describe mobility as an expansion of TNCs

Answer 36

- Cheaper transport costs - Bulk buying - Improved technology

Question 37

Name the top three outsourcing countries

Answer 37

India Philippines China

Question 38

Name three benefits of outsourcing and offshoring

Answer 38

- Lower service costs due to lower wages - Tax incentives in SEZs - Larger talent pool and markets

Question 39

Name three disadvantages of outsourcing and offshoring

Answer 39

- reduced customer services - cultural differences - communication problems e.g. time zones

Question 40

Define ‘glocalisation’

Answer 40

When a company restyles it’s products to suit local tastes

Question 41

Give an example of Disney glocalising

Answer 41

First global TNC to glocalise e.g. Mulan to enter Chinese market and Lion King for Africa

Question 42

How has McDonalds glocalised?

Answer 42

India - Maharaja Mac with lamb not beef Israel - no cheeseburgers so kitchen remains kosher Germany - sell beer Japan - green tea shakes