Time-space compression

Question 1

Describe the ‘shrinking world effect’

Answer 1

Travel times decreasing due to tech advancements so people begin to feel closer

Question 2

Give an example of the shrinking world effect (travel times across the world)

Answer 2

1700 - HMS Dolphin - 2 years
1930 - Propellor aircraft - 8 days
1990 - Jet aircraft - 31 hours

Question 3

Name five factors that have accelerated globalisation

Answer 3

• TNCs
• Computers and the internet
• Lower transport cost
• International organisations
• New market

Question 4

How do TNCs accelerate globalisation?

Answer 4

• Exchanges raw materials, components, goods, shares and investment
• Trading blocs

Question 5

How do computers and the internet accelerate globalisation?

Answer 5

• Social interconnectivity
• 24hr reporting
• Decreased import and export costs
• Increased air pollution
• Cheaper bulk moving

Question 6

How do lower transport costs accelerate globalisation?

Answer 6

• Extensive family networks causing multi-cultural societies
• Unified global community

Question 7

How do international organisations accelerate globalisation?

Answer 7

• Old, local cultures merge with globalising influences
• Interdependence
• Cheaper workers abroad especially call centres

Question 8

How do New markets accelerate globalisation?

Answer 8

• Successful western influences

Question 9

How have roads aided globalisation? Give an example

Answer 9

• over 1bn cars in the world

- 1/4 million miles of roads in Britain alone

Question 10

Give an example and explain how bridges have aided globalisation

Answer 10

• Forthnanjing bridge, China
• through mountains and above farmland
• longest expansion bridge over river

Question 11

How have containers aided globalisation?

Answer 11

Every year 16 million containers are used over 400bn miles
Makes items cheaper
Cost less than 1% of the price

Question 12

How has air travel aided globalisation?

Answer 12

Ticket prices reducing and time-space compression

Question 13

Give an example and explain how the channel tunnel has aided globalisation?

Answer 13

31.4 miles long
400 trains a day
54,000 tonnes of freight

Question 14

Describe the London tube

Answer 14

Over 500 trains on 250 miles every day

1/6 Londoners

Question 15

Name five important innovations in transport and trade

Answer 15

• Steam power
• Railways
• Telephone and telegraph
• Jet aircraft
• Container shipping

Question 16

Describe steam power

Answer 16

In the 1800s, Britain became the leading world power using steamships and trains to move goods and armies along trade routes into Asia and Africa

Question 17

Describe railways

Answer 17

Railway networks expanded globally in the 1800s, by 1904, the 9000km Trans-Siberian railways connected Moscow with China and Japan. The proposed HS2 from London to the North is expected to halve journey times

Question 18

Describe telephone and telegraph

Answer 18

The first telegraph cables across the Atlantic in the 1860s replaced a three week boat journey. In parts of Africa where telephone lines were never placed, people are ‘jumping’ straight to mobile phone use

Question 19

Describe jet aircraft

Answer 19

The intercontinental Boeing 747 in the 1960s made air travel more accessible to more classes and recent expansion of cheap flights has brought it to the masses in richer nations

Question 20

Describe container shipping

Answer 20

Around 200 million individual container movements take place each year a.k.a ‘backbone of the ecnomy’ since the 1950s. The Chinese vessel ‘Cosco’ is 366m long, 48m wide and can carry 13,000 containers

Question 21

Describe early model filming cameras

Answer 21

Heavy, wooden and manually operated by rotating a rod that couldn’t pick up sound or colour, only cinemas could show film reels that could only last two minutes

Question 22

When was the first news TV broadcast

Answer 22

1936

Question 23

Name the two formats of filming

Answer 23

Mechanical spinning disc and electronic format

Question 24

When was the first successful bi-directional clear speech on the telephone?

Answer 24

1876

Question 25

When was the internet invented?

Answer 25

1969

Question 26

When was Skype founded?

Answer 26

2003

Question 27

Give two benefits and two problems of container ships

Answer 27

+ Bulk transportation reduces cost and fuel use + Shifted the balance of economic power from Europe to Asia x Exploits cheap labour in Asia x Dominated by a few shipping and delivery companies

Question 28

Give two benefits and two problems of e-tailing

Answer 28

+ Fast delivery times reduces cost for storage + Easier access to a global market x Difficult for national governments to track sales to calculate business tax x Overthrows local businesses and manufacturers

Question 29

Define a 'throw-away society'

Answer 29

A human society that is strongly influenced by consumerism, a critical view of over-consumption and excessive production of short-lived or disposable items that increase waste

Question 30

Name two social impacts of E-tailing

Answer 30

- Reduces local custom | - Exploits sweatshop workers

Question 31

Name two economic impacts of E-tailing

Answer 31

- Reduces local economy | - Makes business tax hard to claim by governments

Question 32

Name an environmental impact of E-tailing

Answer 32

- Land destroyed in LEDCs for storage and warehouse production (pollution)

Question 33

Define 'economies of scale'

Answer 33

Items from e-tailers are cheaper due to bulk buying and lower operating costs

Question 34

Name five global flows and networks

Answer 34

- Capital - Commodities - Information - Tourists - Migrants

Question 35

Describe capital as a global flow

Answer 35

At a global scale, major capital flows are routed daily through world stock markets, in 2013 this reached $5 trillion a day

Question 36

Describe commodity as a global flow

Answer 36

Valuable raw materials have always been traded but flows of manufactured goods has increased due to low production costs and low wage economies

Question 37

Describe information as a global flow

Answer 37

Real time communication allowing goods to be bought quickly but also an increase in social media with 1.74 billion facebook users in 2016

Question 38

Describe tourists as a global flow

Answer 38

Budget airlines have brought a 'pleasure periphery' with easy access in wealthy nations and emerging economies e.g. Africa's FastJet

Question 39

Describe migrants as a global flow

Answer 39

Movement of people is the hardest due to immigration laws and so most governments have a 'pick and mix' attitudes towards global flow embracing trade but restricting migration

Question 40

What has been the result of the five major global flows?

Answer 40

Interdependency and connectivity