Med Term Modules 1-18 > Module 10 > Flashcards

Module 10 Flashcards

(136 cards)

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1
Q

Herpes zoster (shingles)

A

Viral infection affecting peripheral nerves

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2
Q

Meningitis

A

Inflammation of the meninges; leptomeningitis

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3
Q

Human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV) encephalopathy

A

Brain disease and dementia occurring with AIDS

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4
Q

Brain Tumor

A

Abnormal growth of brain tissue and meninges

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5
Q

cerebrovascular accident (CVA)

A

disruption in the normal blood supply to the brain; stroke

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6
Q

Cerebral Concussion

A

Traumatic brain injury caused by a blow to the head

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7
Q

Cerebral Contusion

A

Bruising of brain tissue resulting from direct trauma to the head

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8
Q

Absenceseizure

A

Form of seizure consisting of momentary clouding of consciousness and loss of awareness of surroundings

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9
Q

Aneurysm

A

Enlarged, weakened area in an arterial wall, which may rupture, leading to hemorrhage and CVA (stroke)

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10
Q

Astrocytoma

A

Malignant brain tumor of astrocytes (glial brain cells)

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11
Q

Aura

A

Peculiar sensation or symptom occurring before the onset of an attack or an epileptic seizure

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12
Q

Dementia

A

Mental decline and deterioration

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13
Q

Demyelination

A

Destruction of myelin on axons of neurons

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14
Q

Dopamine

A

CNS neurotransmitter, deficient in patient with Parkinson disease

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15
Q

acetylcholine

A

neurotransmitter chemical released at the ends of nerve cells

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16
Q

afferent nerve

A

carries messages towards the brain and spinal cord

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17
Q

arachnoid membrane

A

middle layer of the 3 membranes

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18
Q

astrocyte

A

type of glial cell that transports water and salts from the capillaries in the nervous system

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19
Q

autonomic nervous system

A

nerves that control involuntary body functions of the muscles, glans, and internal organs

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20
Q

axon

A

microscopic fiber that is part of a neuron and carries the nervous impulse along a nerve cell

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21
Q

blood-brain barrier (BBB)

A

protective separation between the blood and brain cell

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22
Q

brainstem

A

posterior portion of the brain that connects the cerebrum with the spinal cord; midbrain, pons, & medulla oblongata

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23
Q

cuada equina

A

collection of spinal nerves below the end of the spinal cord

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24
Q

central nervous system (CNS)

A

brain and spinal cord

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25
cerebellum
posterior part of the brain that coordinates muscle movements and maintains balance
26
cerebral cortex
outer region of the cerebrum, containing sheets of nerve cells
27
cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
circulates throughout the brain and spinal cord
28
ependymal cell
glial cell that lines membranes within the brain and spinal cord and helps form CSF
29
ganglion
collection of nerve cell bodies in the peripheral nervous system
30
glial cell
supportive and connective nerve cell that doesn't carry impulses
31
gyrus (gyri)
sheets of nerve cells that produce a rounded ridge on the surface of the cerebral cortex
32
sciatic nerve
nerve extending from the base of the spine down the thigh, lower left, and foot.
33
sensory nerve
carries messages toward brain and spinal cord from receptor
34
vagus nerve
tenth cranial nerve; branches to the larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs, aorta, esophagus, and stomach.
35
ventricles of the brain
canals in the brain that contain cerebrospinal fluid
36
cerebello/o
cerebellum
37
cerebr/o
cerebrum
38
dur/o
dura mater
39
encephal/o
brain
40
gli/o
glial cells
41
lept/o
thin, slender
42
mening/o
membranes
43
my/o
muscle
44
myel/o
spinal cord
45
neur/o
nerve
46
pont/o
pons
47
radicul/o
nerve root
48
thalam/o
thalamus
49
thec/o
sheath
50
vag/o
vagus nerve
51
alges/o
sensitivity to pain
52
-algia
pain
53
caus/o
burning
54
comat/o
deep sleep (coma)
55
esthesi/o
feeling, nervous sensation
56
kines/o
movement
57
kinesi/o
movement
58
kinesia/o
movement
59
kinesis/o
movement
60
kinetic/o
movement
61
-lepsy
seizure
62
lex/o
word, phrase
63
-paresis
weakness
64
-phasia
speech
65
-plegia
paralysis
66
-praxia
action
67
-sthenia
strength
68
syncop/o
to cut off
69
tax/o
order, coordination
70
hydrocephalus
abnormal accumulation of fluid (CSF) in the brain
71
spina bifida
congenital defects in the lumbar spinal column caused by imperfect union of vertebral parts (neutral tube defects)
72
Alzheimer disease (AD)
brain disorder marked by gradual and progressive mental deterioration (dementia), personality changes, and impairment of daily functioning
73
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
degenerative disorder of motor neurons in the spinal cord and brainstem
74
epilepsy
chronic brain disorder characterized by recurrent seizure activity
75
Huntington disease
hereditary disorder marked by degenerative changes in the cerebrum, leading to abrupt involuntary movements and mental deterioration
76
multiple sclerosis (MS)
destruction of the myelin sheath on neurons in the CNS and its replacement by plaques of sclerotic tissue (hard)
77
myasthenia gravis (MG)
autoimmune neuromuscular disorder (antibodies block the ability of a neurotransmitter to transmit impulses to muscles) characterized by weakness of voluntary muscles.
78
palsy
paralysis (partial or complete loss of motor function)
79
Parkinson disease
degeneration of neurons in the basal ganglia, occurring in later life and leading to tremors, weakness of muscles, and slowness of movement
80
tourette syndrome
involuntary spasmodic, twitching movements; uncontrollable vocal sounds; and inappropriate words
81
migraine
severe, recurring, unilateral, vascular headache
82
demyelia
mental decline and deterioration
83
embolus
clot of material that travels through the bloodstream and suddenly blocks a vessel
84
gait
manner of walking
85
ictal event
The seizure that occurs after some symptoms arise warning of it
86
occulsion
blockage
87
palliative
relieving symptoms but not curing them
88
thymectomy
removal of the thymus gland (gland which produces white blood cells-- lymphocytes) used as a treatment for MG
89
TIA
transient ischemic attack.
90
tic
involuntary movement of a small group of muscles, as of the face (characteristic of Tourette syndrome)
91
tonic-clonic seizure
major convulsive (violent) seizure marked by sudden loss of consciousness, stiffening of muscles, and twitching & jerking movements.
92
cerebrospinal fluid analysis
samples of CSF are examined
93
cerebral angiography
x ray imaging of the arterial blood vessels in the brain after injection of contrast material
94
computed tomography (CT) of the brain
computerized x ray technique that generates multiple images of the brain and spinal cord
95
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
magnetic field pulses and radiowave energy create images of the brain and spinal cord
96
positron emission tomography (PET) scan
radioactive glucose is injected and then detected in the brain to image the metabolic activity of cells
97
Doppler ultrasound studies
sound waves detect blood flow in the carotid and intracranial arteries
98
electroencephalography (EEG)
recording of the electrical activity of the brain
99
lumbar puncture (LP)
CSF is withdrawn from between two lumbar vertebrae for analysis
100
stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS)
use of specialized instrument to locate and treat targets in the brain
101
AD
Alzheimer disease
102
AFP
alpha-fetoprotein
103
ALS
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
104
AVM
arteriovenous malformation (congenital- present since birth- tangle of arteries and veins in the cerebrum)
105
BBB
blood-brain barrier
106
CGRP
calcitonin gene-related peptide; protein that is related to migraine pain
107
CNS
central nervous system
108
CSF
cerebrospinal fluid
109
CTE
chronic traumatic encephalopathy
110
CVA
cerebrovascular accident
111
EEG
electroencephalography
112
GABA
gamma-aminobutyric acid (neurotransmitter)
113
ICP
intracranial pressure (normal pressure is 5-15 mm Hg)
114
LP
lumbar puncture
115
MAC
monitored anesthetic care
116
MG
myasthenia gravis
117
MRA
magnetic resonance angiography
118
MRI
magnetic resonance imaging
119
MS
multiple sclerosis
120
1/2P
hemiparesis
121
PCA
patient-controlled analgesia
122
PET
positron emission tomography
123
PNS
peripheral nervous system
124
PSRS
proton stereotactic radiosurgery
125
SBRT
stereotactic body radiation therapy
126
SRS
stereotactic radiosurgery
127
Sz
seizure
128
TBI
traumatic brain injury
129
TENS
transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (technique of using a battery-powered device to relieve acute and chronic pain)
130
TIA
transient ischemic attack (temporary interference with the blood supply to the brain)
131
TLE
temporal lobe epilepsy
132
tPA
tissue plasminogen activator (clot dissolving drug used as therapy for a stroke)
133
astrocyte
glial cells that transport water & salts between capillaries and neurons
134
Microglial cells
small cells with many branching processes (dendrites)
135
oligodendroglial cells
have few dendrites & form the myelin sheath in the CNS
136
Ependymal cells
cells that line membranes within the brain and spinal cord where CNF is produced and circulates
Med Term Modules 1-18
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