Module 10

Question 1

What is the primary function of the cardiovascular system?

Answer 1

Delivers food and oxygen to all cells through the blood

It also transports cellular waste materials to the lungs and kidneys for elimination.

Question 2

What role does the heart play in the cardiovascular system?

Answer 2

Pumps blood through vessels called arteries

The heart acts like a muscle.

Question 3

What are arteries?

Answer 3

Large blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart

Smaller branches of arteries are called arterioles.

Question 4

What are veins?

Answer 4

Vessels that carry blood back to the heart

This blood is filled with waste products. Smaller branches of veins are called venules.

Question 5

How many chambers does the heart have?

Answer 5

Four chambers: right atrium, left atrium, right ventricle, left ventricle

Each chamber plays a specific role in the circulation of blood.

Question 6

Fill in the blank: Venules are smaller branches of _______.

Answer 6

veins

They help transport blood back to the heart.

Question 7

True or false: Arteries carry blood filled with waste products back to the heart.

Answer 7

FALSE

Arteries carry blood away from the heart, while veins carry blood back to the heart filled with waste.

Question 8

What is the largest artery in the body?

Answer 8

aorta

The aorta carries oxygen-rich blood from the heart to the rest of the body.

Question 9

What is the smallest vessel in the body?

Answer 9

capillary

Materials pass to and from the bloodstream through the thin capillary walls.

Question 10

What is carbon dioxide in relation to body cells?

Answer 10

a waste gas released by body cells

It is exchanged with oxygen in the bloodstream through capillary walls.

Question 11

What are the coronary arteries responsible for?

Answer 11

Carrying oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle

They branch from the aorta.

Question 12

What is deoxygenated blood?

Answer 12

Blood that is low in oxygen

It returns to the heart to be re-oxygenated.

Question 13

What does diastole refer to?

Answer 13

The relaxation phase of the heartbeat

During this phase, the heart chambers fill with blood.

Question 14

What does systole refer to?

Answer 14

The contraction phase of the heartbeat

During this phase, the heart pumps blood out to the body.

Question 15

What is the endocardium?

Answer 15

The inner lining of the heart

It provides a smooth surface for blood flow.

Question 16

What is the pericardium?

Answer 16

The sac-like membrane surrounding the heart

It protects the heart and anchors it within the chest.

Question 17

What is the myocardium?

Answer 17

The muscle layer of the heart

It is responsible for the heart’s contractions.

Question 18

What is the septum in the heart?

Answer 18

A partition between the right and left sides of the heart

It prevents the mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood.

Question 19

What is a sphygmomanometer used for?

Answer 19

Measuring blood pressure

It is an essential tool in assessing cardiovascular health.

Question 20

What is the function of a valve in veins or the heart?

Answer 20

Opens and closes so that blood will flow in only one direction

This prevents backflow and ensures efficient circulation.

Question 21

What is the largest vein in the body?

Answer 21

vena cava

It carries deoxygenated blood from the body back to the heart.

Question 22

What does angi/o mean?

Answer 22

vessel

Example: angiogram, a record of vessels.

Question 23

What does aort/o refer to?

Answer 23

aorta

Example: aortic stenosis, a narrowing of the aorta.

Question 24

What does arteri/o signify?

Answer 24

artery

Example: arteriosclerosis, a hardening of the arteries.

Question 25

What is **ather/o**?

Answer 25

a fatty substance made of a yellowish plaque ## Footnote This term is often associated with conditions affecting blood vessels.

Question 26

What does **brachi/o** mean?

Answer 26

arm ## Footnote Example: brachial artery.

Question 27

What does **cardi/o** refer to?

Answer 27

heart ## Footnote Example: cardiomegaly, an enlarged heart.

Question 28

What does **coron/o** also mean?

Answer 28

heart ## Footnote Example: coronary angiogram, a record or study of the heart arteries.

Question 29

What does **cyan/o** indicate?

Answer 29

blue ## Footnote Example: cyanosis, a condition of blue.

Question 30

What does **phleb/o** mean?

Answer 30

vein ## Footnote Example: phlebotomist.

Question 31

What does **steth/o** refer to?

Answer 31

chest ## Footnote Example: stethoscope, an instrument used to listen to the chest.

Question 32

What are **arrhythmias**?

Answer 32

Abnormal heart rhythms ## Footnote Arrhythmias can lead to various health complications if not managed properly.

Question 33

Define **flutter** in the context of heart conditions.

Answer 33

A rapid but regular contraction of atria or ventricles ## Footnote Flutter can lead to inefficient blood flow and may require medical intervention.

Question 34

What is **fibrillation**?

Answer 34

Random, irregular, and very rapid contractions of the heart ## Footnote Fibrillation can be life-threatening and often requires the use of a defibrillator.

Question 35

What are **congenital heart diseases**?

Answer 35

Abnormalities in the heart at birth ## Footnote These conditions can vary in severity and may require surgical intervention.

Question 36

What is **congestive heart failure**?

Answer 36

When the heart is unable to pump its required amount of blood ## Footnote This condition can lead to fluid buildup in the lungs and other body parts.

Question 37

Define **pulmonary edema**.

Answer 37

When blood accumulates in the lungs ## Footnote Pulmonary edema can cause severe breathing difficulties and requires immediate medical attention.

Question 38

What is **coronary artery disease**?

Answer 38

Disease of the arteries surrounding the heart ## Footnote This condition can lead to heart attacks and requires lifestyle changes and/or medical treatment.

Question 39

What does **hypertensive heart disease** refer to?

Answer 39

When high blood pressure is affecting the heart ## Footnote This condition can lead to heart failure and other complications if not managed.

Question 40

What is a **murmur**?

Answer 40

An extra heart sound that is heard between normal beats ## Footnote Murmurs can indicate underlying heart conditions and may require further evaluation.

Question 41

Define **pericarditis**.

Answer 41

Inflammation of the membrane surrounding the heart ## Footnote This condition can cause chest pain and may require treatment to reduce inflammation.

Question 42

What is an **aneurysm**?

Answer 42

A ballooning out of a small area of an artery caused by weakness ## Footnote Aneurysms can be life-threatening if they rupture.

Question 43

What are **varicose veins**?

Answer 43

Abnormally swollen and twisted veins that usually occur in the legs ## Footnote Varicose veins can cause discomfort and may require treatment for cosmetic or health reasons.