Module 9

Question 1

What is the primary function of the urinary system?

Answer 1

Removes waste products from the blood, maintains fluid and electrolyte balance, secretes substances affecting blood pressure

The urinary system plays a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis in the body.

Question 2

Name the main organs of the urinary system.

Answer 2

• Kidneys
• Ureters
• Bladder
• Urethra

Each organ has a specific function in the process of urine formation and excretion.

Question 3

What are the kidneys?

Answer 3

Two bean-shaped organs that remove waste products from the blood

The kidneys are essential for filtering blood and producing urine.

Question 4

What is the function of the ureters?

Answer 4

Long tubes that pass urine from the kidneys to the bladder

Ureters transport urine through peristaltic movements.

Question 5

What is the role of the bladder?

Answer 5

Reservoir for urine

The bladder stores urine until it is expelled from the body.

Question 6

What is the urethra?

Answer 6

A tube-like structure that passages urine from the bladder to the outside of the body

The urethra is the final part of the urinary system.

Question 7

True or false: The suprarenal glands are part of the urinary system.

Answer 7

FALSE

The suprarenal glands, or adrenal glands, sit on top of the kidneys but are not part of the urinary system.

Question 8

What do the suprarenal glands produce?

Answer 8

Epinephrine and hormones

These hormones play important roles in stress response and metabolism.

Question 9

What does micturation mean?

Answer 9

Urination or the act of voiding

Micturation is a key term in understanding urinary functions.

Question 10

Define voiding.

Answer 10

To expel urine

Voiding is an essential process in the urinary system.

Question 11

What are nitrogenous wastes?

Answer 11

Substances containing nitrogen excreted in urine

These wastes are a byproduct of protein metabolism.

Question 12

What is reabsorption?

Answer 12

The process of accepting again or taking back

Reabsorption occurs in the kidneys during urine formation.

Question 13

What does the renal artery do?

Answer 13

Carries blood to the kidney

The renal vein carries blood away from the kidney.

Question 14

Name the internal structures of the kidney.

Answer 14

• Renal pyramid
• Minor calyx
• Major calyx
• Renal pelvis

These structures play vital roles in urine collection and drainage.

Question 15

What is the nephron?

Answer 15

The microscopic component of the kidney

Nephrons are the functional units responsible for filtering blood.

Question 16

What does cali/o or calic/o refer to?

Answer 16

Calyces

These terms are used in medical terminology related to the kidney.

Question 17

What does cyst/o refer to?

Answer 17

The urinary bladder

This term is commonly used in urology.

Question 18

What do nephr/o and ren/o refer to?

Answer 18

Kidney

These prefixes are used in various medical terms related to kidney health.

Question 19

What does pyel/o refer to?

Answer 19

The renal pelvis of the kidney

This is an internal structure involved in urine collection.

Question 20

What does urethr/o refer to?

Answer 20

Urethra

The urethra is the tube through which urine exits the body.

Question 21

What does urin/o refer to?

Answer 21

Urine

This term is used in various medical contexts related to urinary health.

Question 22

What does -uria signify?

Answer 22

Urination

This suffix is commonly used in medical terminology.

Question 23

What is nephrolithiasis?

Answer 23

A condition of kidney stones or renal calculi

This condition can cause significant pain and urinary issues.

Question 24

What is pyelonephritis?

Answer 24

An inflammation of the renal pelvis

This condition can result from bacterial infections.

Question 25

What is **renal cell carcinoma**?

Answer 25

A cancerous tumor of the kidney ## Footnote This type of cancer is one of the most common kidney cancers.

Question 26

What is **renal failure**?

Answer 26

The failure of the kidney to excrete urine ## Footnote This condition can lead to serious health complications.

Question 27

What is **renal hypertension**?

Answer 27

High blood pressure resulting from kidney disease ## Footnote This condition can complicate kidney function further.

Question 28

What is **Wilms' tumor**?

Answer 28

A malignant tumor of the kidney occurring in childhood ## Footnote This is one of the most common types of kidney cancer in children.

Question 29

What does the laboratory test **blood urea nitrogen (BUN)** measure?

Answer 29

The amount of urea in the body ## Footnote This test is used to assess kidney function.

Question 30

What does a **creatinine clearance test** measure?

Answer 30

The ability of the kidney to remove creatinine from the blood ## Footnote This test helps evaluate kidney function.

Question 31

What is a **renal angiogram**?

Answer 31

A radiologic exam where contrast media is injected into the arteries of the kidney ## Footnote This test helps visualize blood vessels in the kidneys.

Question 32

What is a **KUB**?

Answer 32

A type of x-ray exam visualizing the kidneys, ureters, and bladder ## Footnote KUB stands for Kidneys, Ureters, and Bladder.

Question 33

What does **IVP** stand for in radiological examinations?

Answer 33

Intravenous pyelogram ## Footnote An IVP involves injecting contrast media into a vein to demonstrate the urinary system.

Question 34

What is a **voiding cystourethrogram**?

Answer 34

A radiological study where contrast media is placed in the urinary bladder and the patient voids to demonstrate the urethra ## Footnote This test helps visualize the urethra during urination.

Question 35

What is a **retrograde pyelogram**?

Answer 35

A radiological study where contrast media is introduced directly into the bladder and ureters through a cystoscope ## Footnote This procedure allows for detailed imaging of the urinary tract.

Question 36

What is **cystoscopy**?

Answer 36

A visual examination of the urinary bladder by means of a cystoscope ## Footnote Cystoscopy is often used to diagnose bladder conditions.

Question 37

What is **lithotripsy**?

Answer 37

The crushing of stones with shock waves that can be performed on the kidneys ## Footnote This procedure is commonly used to treat kidney stones.

Question 38

What is **dialysis**?

Answer 38

The separation of waste materials from the bloodstream when the kidneys can no longer function ## Footnote Dialysis is a life-saving treatment for patients with renal failure.

Question 39

What is a **renal transplant**?

Answer 39

A procedure where a kidney is transplanted into a patient with renal failure from an identical twin (isograft) or other individual (allograft) ## Footnote Renal transplants are critical for patients with end-stage kidney disease.