Module 7

Question 1

Calcium is one of the mineral constituents of _______.

Answer 1

bone

Calcium is essential for bone structure and strength.

Question 2

What type of tissue is cartilage?

Answer 2

Flexible, rubbery connective tissue

Found on joint surfaces and in the embryonic skeleton.

Question 3

A condyle is a _______ at the end of a bone near the joint.

Answer 3

knuckle-like process

It helps in the articulation of bones.

Question 4

Name the cranial bones.

Answer 4

• Frontal
• Ethmoid
• Parietal
• Sphenoid
• Temporal
• Occipital

These bones form the structure of the skull.

Question 5

The diaphysis is the _______ of a long bone.

Answer 5

shaft or mid-portion

It provides strength and support to the bone.

Question 6

A disk or disc is a _______ structure.

Answer 6

flat, round plate-like

Disks are often found in various anatomical locations.

Question 7

An intervertebral disk is a fibrocartilaginous substance between the _______.

Answer 7

vertebrae

It acts as a cushion and allows for movement.

Question 8

An epiphyseal plate is a cartilaginous area at the end of long bones where _______ growth takes place.

Answer 8

lengthwise

This plate is crucial for bone growth during development.

Question 9

An epiphysis is the _______ of a long bone.

Answer 9

end

It is involved in joint formation.

Question 10

Name the facial bones.

Answer 10

• Lacrimal
• Mandible
• Maxillae
• Nasal
• Vomer
• Zygomatic

These bones form the structure of the face.

Question 11

What are false ribs?

Answer 11

Ribs 8 - 10 in the paired 12

They do not attach directly to the sternum.

Question 12

A fissure is a narrow, _______ opening between bones.

Answer 12

slit-like

It allows for the passage of nerves and blood vessels.

Question 13

What are floating ribs?

Answer 13

Ribs numbered 11 and 12

They are not attached to the sternum at all.

Question 14

A foramen is an opening or passage in bones where _______ enter and leave.

Answer 14

blood vessels and nerves

Example: foramen magnum in the occipital bone.

Question 15

A fossa is a _______ cavity in a bone.

Answer 15

shallow

It often serves as a site for muscle attachment.

Question 16

A malleolus is the round process found on both sides of the _______ joint.

Answer 16

ankle

It provides stability to the ankle.

Question 17

What is the olecranon?

Answer 17

A large process forming the elbow

The olecranon is a prominent bony structure at the elbow joint.

Question 18

Define ossification.

Answer 18

The process of bone formation

Ossification is crucial for the development and growth of bones.

Question 19

What is an osteoblast?

Answer 19

A bone cell that helps form bone tissue

Osteoblasts are essential for bone growth and healing.

Question 20

What is an osteoclast?

Answer 20

A bone cell that absorbs and removes unwanted bone tissue

Osteoclasts play a key role in bone remodeling.

Question 21

What is the periosteum?

Answer 21

The membrane surrounding bones

The periosteum contains blood vessels and nerves that nourish the bone.

Question 22

What is the pubic symphysis?

Answer 22

The area of fusion of the two pubic bones

It is a cartilaginous joint that provides slight movement.

Question 23

What is red bone marrow?

Answer 23

Found in bone and is a site of hemopoiesis

Red bone marrow is responsible for producing blood cells.

Question 24

Define a sinus in the context of bones.

Answer 24

A cavity within a bone, as in paranasal sinus

Sinuses help reduce the weight of the skull and are involved in voice resonance.

Question 25

What is a **tubercle**?

Answer 25

A small rounded process on a bone ## Footnote Tubercle serves as an attachment point for muscles and ligaments.

Question 26

What is a **tuberosity**?

Answer 26

A large, rounded process on a bone ## Footnote Tuberosities are also sites for muscle attachment.

Question 27

What is a **vertebra**?

Answer 27

The back bone, divided into cervical, thoracic, and lumbar regions ## Footnote The cervical vertebrae are in the neck, thoracic in the upper back, and lumbar in the lower back.

Question 28

What is **yellow bone marrow**?

Answer 28

Fatty tissue found in the diaphyses of long bones ## Footnote Yellow bone marrow serves as an energy reserve.

Question 29

What does **kyph/o** mean?

Answer 29

humpback or a posterior curvature in the thoracic region as in kyphosis ## Footnote This term is used in medical terminology related to spinal conditions.

Question 30

What does **lord/o** refer to?

Answer 30

curve or swayback or an anterior curvature in the lumbar region as in lordosis ## Footnote This term describes a specific curvature of the spine.

Question 31

What does **lumb/o** signify?

Answer 31

loins or lower back as in lumbar or lumbosacral ## Footnote This term is commonly used in anatomy and medical contexts.

Question 32

What does **myel/o** mean?

Answer 32

bone marrow as in myelogram ## Footnote Myelograms are diagnostic tests involving imaging of the spinal cord.

Question 33

What does **orth/o** stand for?

Answer 33

straight as in orthopedic surgeon ## Footnote Orthopedic surgeons specialize in the diagnosis and treatment of musculoskeletal disorders.

Question 34

What does **oste/o** refer to?

Answer 34

bone as in osteitis, an inflammation of the bones ## Footnote This term is frequently used in conditions related to bone health.

Question 35

What does **scoli/o** mean?

Answer 35

crooked, bent or a lateral curvature of the spine, as in scoliosis ## Footnote Scoliosis is a condition that affects the alignment of the spine.

Question 36

What does **-listhesis** indicate?

Answer 36

slipping as in spondylolisthesis, a forward slipping of a vertebra over a lower vertebra ## Footnote This term is often used in discussions of spinal stability.

Question 37

What does **-malacia** mean?

Answer 37

softening as in osteomalacia, a softening of the bones ## Footnote Osteomalacia can lead to bone pain and increased risk of fractures.

Question 38

What does **-physis** signify?

Answer 38

to grow as in pubic symphysis ## Footnote The pubic symphysis is a joint located between the left and right pubic bones.

Question 39

What does **-porosis** refer to?

Answer 39

pore or passage as in osteoporosis, loss of bony tissue and decreased mass of bone ## Footnote Osteoporosis increases the risk of fractures and is a significant health concern.

Question 40

What does **calcane/o** mean?

Answer 40

calcaneus, the heel bone ## Footnote This term is used in medical terminology related to the foot.

Question 41

What does **carp/o** refer to?

Answer 41

carpals, which are the bones of the wrist ## Footnote Carpals are essential for wrist movement and function.

Question 42

What is the meaning of **clavicul/o**?

Answer 42

clavicle, which is the collar bone ## Footnote The clavicle connects the arm to the body.

Question 43

What does **cost/o** signify?

Answer 43

rib ## Footnote There are true, false, and floating ribs in the human body.

Question 44

What does **femor/o** stand for?

Answer 44

femur, the thigh bone and the largest bone in the body ## Footnote The femur supports the weight of the body during standing and walking.

Question 45

What does **fibul/o** mean?

Answer 45

fibula, the smaller lower leg bone ## Footnote The fibula runs parallel to the tibia.

Question 46

What does **humer/o** refer to?

Answer 46

humerus, the upper arm bone ## Footnote The humerus connects the shoulder to the elbow.

Question 47

What does **malleol/o** mean?

Answer 47

malleolus, the processes on each side of the ankle ## Footnote The malleoli are important for ankle stability.

Question 48

What does **maxill/o** signify?

Answer 48

maxilla or upper jaw ## Footnote The maxilla plays a crucial role in forming the face and supporting teeth.

Question 49

What does the prefix **meta** mean?

Answer 49

beyond ## Footnote This prefix is often used in anatomical terms.

Question 50

What does **metacarp/o** refer to?

Answer 50

metacarpals, literally beyond the carpals bones, which are hand bones ## Footnote The metacarpals form the intermediate part of the hand.

Question 51

What does **metatars/o** mean?

Answer 51

metatarsals, literally beyond the tarsal bones, which are foot bones ## Footnote The metatarsals are essential for foot structure and movement.

Question 52

What does **patell/a** signify?

Answer 52

patella, the kneecap ## Footnote The patella protects the knee joint.

Question 53

What does **pelv/i** refer to?

Answer 53

pelvis or hip bones ## Footnote The pelvis supports the weight of the upper body when sitting and standing.

Question 54

What does **radio** mean?

Answer 54

radius, the lower arm bone on the thumb side ## Footnote The radius is involved in the rotation of the forearm.

Question 55

What does **uln/o** stand for?

Answer 55

ulna, the other bone that makes up the forearm ## Footnote The ulna is larger at the elbow and smaller at the wrist.

Question 56

What does **scapul/o** mean?

Answer 56

scapula, the shoulder bone on your upper back ## Footnote The scapula connects the humerus with the clavicle.

Question 57

What does **stern/o** refer to?

Answer 57

sternum, the breast bone ## Footnote The sternum is central to the rib cage.

Question 58

What does **tars/o** signify?

Answer 58

tarsals, which are the bones of the ankle ## Footnote The tarsals provide stability and support for the foot.

Question 59

What does **tibi/o** mean?

Answer 59

tibia, the larger lower leg bone that is also designated as the shin bone ## Footnote The tibia bears most of the weight of the body.