Module 11

Question 1

What are the main structures involved in the respiratory system for air transportation?

Answer 1

• Nose
• Nasal cavities
• Paranasal sinuses
• Pharynx
• Larynx
• Trachea
• Bronchi
• Bronchioles
• Alveoli
• Lung
• Capillaries

These structures assist in filtering and transporting air from the external environment to the internal body.

Question 2

What is the function of the diaphragm?

Answer 2

Separates the chest and abdomen

The diaphragm plays a crucial role in the process of breathing.

Question 3

Define apex in relation to the lung.

Answer 3

Uppermost portion of the lung

The term apical refers to anything pertaining to the apex.

Question 4

What are the divisions of the lungs called?

Answer 4

Lobes

The right lung has three lobes: upper, middle, and lower; the left lung has two lobes: upper and lower.

Question 5

True or false: The epiglottis is a muscle that separates the chest and abdomen.

Answer 5

FALSE

The epiglottis is a lid-like piece of cartilage that covers the larynx.

Question 6

What is the function of the bronchi?

Answer 6

Act as a passageway into the air spaces of the lung

The bronchi branch from the trachea.

Question 7

What is the lower portion of the lung referred to as?

Answer 7

Base

The base of the lung is opposite the apex.

Question 8

What are adenoids?

Answer 8

A collection of lymph tissue in the nasopharynx

They are also called tonsils.

Question 9

What is the mediastinum?

Answer 9

Region between the lungs in the chest cavity

It contains the trachea, heart, aorta, esophagus, and bronchial tubes.

Question 10

What is the trachea commonly known as?

Answer 10

Windpipe

The trachea is a crucial part of the respiratory system.

Question 11

What is the process of breathing in called?

Answer 11

Inhalation

The opposite process is known as exhalation.

Question 12

What are bronchioles?

Answer 12

Smallest branches of the bronchi

They lead to the alveoli where gas exchange occurs.

Question 13

What do paranasal sinuses contain?

Answer 13

Air-containing cavities in the bones near the nose

They help in filtering and humidifying the air.

Question 14

What does lob/o mean in relation to the respiratory system?

Answer 14

lobe of the lung

Example: lobectomy, the removal of a lobe of the lung.

Question 15

The term nas/o refers to which part of the body?

Answer 15

nose

Example: paranasal, around the nose.

Question 16

What does phon/o signify in medical terminology?

Answer 16

voice

Example: dysphonia, which means difficulty speaking.

Question 17

The prefix phren/o is associated with which anatomical structure?

Answer 17

diaphragm

Example: phrenic nerve.

Question 18

What does the term pneum/o refer to?

Answer 18

air or lung

Example: pneumothorax, abnormal air in the thorax.

Question 19

The term pulmon/o is related to which organ?

Answer 19

lung

It is used in various medical terms related to lung conditions.

Question 20

What is croup?

Answer 20

An acute respiratory syndrome in children and infants

Croup is characterized by a barking cough and difficulty breathing.

Question 21

Define epistaxis.

Answer 21

Nosebleed

Epistaxis can occur due to various reasons, including trauma or dry air.

Question 22

What is pertussis commonly known as?

Answer 22

Whooping cough

Pertussis is a highly contagious respiratory disease.

Question 23

Asthma is a bronchial airway obstruction due to _______.

Answer 23

Spasm of bronchi

Asthma can cause wheezing, shortness of breath, and chest tightness.

Question 24

What is chronic bronchitis?

Answer 24

An inflammation of the bronchi persisting for a long time

Chronic bronchitis is often associated with smoking and can lead to breathing difficulties.

Question 25

Define **atelectasis**.

Answer 25

An incomplete expansion of the air sacs or collapsed, functionless lung ## Footnote Atelectasis can occur due to blockage of air passages or pressure on the lung.

Question 26

What is **emphysema**?

Answer 26

An over-inflation of air sacs with destruction of alveolar walls ## Footnote Emphysema is a form of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Question 27

Pneumonia is an acute inflammation and infection of _______.

Answer 27

Alveoli, which fill with pus ## Footnote Pneumonia can be caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi.

Question 28

What causes **tuberculosis**?

Answer 28

An infectious disease caused by bacteria ## Footnote Tuberculosis primarily affects the lungs but can also affect other parts of the body.

Question 29

What is a **chest x-ray**?

Answer 29

x-rays of the chest ## Footnote Used to visualize the structures within the chest, including the lungs and heart.

Question 30

Define **pulmonary angiography**.

Answer 30

Contrast media is injected into a blood vessel and images are taken of the arteries or veins in the lung ## Footnote This procedure helps in diagnosing vascular conditions in the lungs.

Question 31

What is the purpose of a **bronchoscopy**?

Answer 31

Visual examination of the bronchial tubes ## Footnote This procedure allows for direct visualization of the airways and can aid in diagnosis and treatment.

Question 32

What occurs during **endotracheal intubation**?

Answer 32

A tube is placed through the nose or mouth, through the pharynx and larynx, and into the trachea to establish an airway ## Footnote This is often performed in emergency situations to secure the airway.

Question 33

What is a **tracheostomy**?

Answer 33

Creation of an opening into the trachea through the neck and insertion of a tube to facilitate passage of air or removal of secretions ## Footnote This procedure is used for patients who require long-term ventilation support.