Module 2

Question 1

What is developmental psychopathology?

Answer 1

The study of how mental disorders develop over time.

Question 2

How are typical and atypical development related?

Answer 2

Studying one helps us understand the other.

Question 3

What does “typical development informs atypical development” mean?

Answer 3

Knowing what is normal helps identify problems.

Question 4

How can atypical development inform typical development?

Answer 4

It shows what happens when development goes off track.

Question 5

What is developmental continuity?

Answer 5

When behavior stays similar over time.

Question 6

What is homotypic continuity?

Answer 6

The same behavior continues across development.

anxiety in childhood → anxiety in adulthood

Question 7

What is heterotypic continuity?

Answer 7

The same problem shows up in different ways over time.

tantrums in childhood → depression in adolescence

Question 8

What is developmental discontinuity?

Answer 8

A behavior changes or disappears over time.

Question 9

What are risk factors?

Answer 9

Things that increase the chance of developing a disorder.

Question 10

What are protective factors?

Answer 10

Things that reduce risk or help protect mental health.

Question 11

What does “nonlinear development” mean?

Answer 11

Development does not follow a straight or predictable path.

Question 12

What does “multiply determined” mean?

Answer 12

Many factors work together to cause outcomes.

Question 13

What is equifinality?

Answer 13

Different paths can lead to the same disorder.

Question 14

What is multifinality?

Answer 14

The same risk factor can lead to different outcomes.

Question 15

What is a transactional model?

Answer 15

The child and environment influence each other over time.

Question 16

Why are transactional models important?

Answer 16

Development is shaped by ongoing interactions, not one-time causes.

Question 17

How do biological and social factors interact?

Answer 17

Biology and environment work together to affect mental health.

Question 18

What is assessment in child clinical psychology?

Answer 18

The process of collecting information to understand a child’s problems.

Question 19

What is the main purpose of assessment?

Answer 19

To guide diagnosis, treatment, and support.

Question 20

Why is assessment ongoing and not one-time?

Answer 20

Children’s development and situations change over time.

Question 21

Why is demographic information important in assessment?

Answer 21

Background factors can influence mental health and access to support.

Question 22

Why ask about family history?

Answer 22

Mental health issues can run in families.

Question 23

Why look at home stressors?

Answer 23

Family stress can affect a child’s behavior and emotions.

Question 24

What is diagnosis?

Answer 24

Identifying a mental disorder based on symptoms and criteria.

Question 25

Why is diagnosis not the only goal of assessment?

Answer 25

Understanding causes and supports is also important.

Question 26

What is case formulation?

Answer 26

A way to understand why problems started and continue.

Question 27

What are the 4 Ps in case formulation?

Answer 27

Predisposing, Precipitating, Perpetuating, Protective factors.

Question 28

What are predisposing factors?

Answer 28

Factors that increase vulnerability

Question 29

What are precipitating factors?

Answer 29

Events that trigger the problem

Question 30

What are perpetuating factors?

Answer 30

Factors that maintain the problem

Question 31

What are protective factors?

Answer 31

Strengths or supports that reduce risk.

Question 32

Why are developmental factors important in assessment?

Answer 32

Symptoms can look different at different ages.

Question 33

Why are cultural factors important?

Answer 33

Culture affects how symptoms are expressed and understood.

Question 34

What is behavioral assessment?

Answer 34

Observing and measuring behavior.

Question 35

What is the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL)?

Answer 35

A questionnaire used to assess emotional and behavioral problems.

Question 36

What is behavior analysis?

Answer 36

Studying what happens before and after a behavior.

Question 37

What is psychological testing?

Answer 37

Standardized tests measuring abilities, emotions, or personality.

Question 38

What is diagnosis in psychology?

Answer 38

Grouping symptoms to identify a mental disorder.

Question 39

What is the categorical approach to diagnosis?

Answer 39

Disorders are either present or not present.

Question 40

What is the dimensional approach to diagnosis?

Answer 40

Symptoms exist on a continuum (mild to severe).

Question 41

Which approach does the DSM-5 use?

Answer 41

The categorical approach.

Question 42

Why does the DSM-5 still use categories?

Answer 42

Easier for diagnosis, communication.

Question 43

What is a strength of the categorical approach?

Answer 43

Clear labels and easier clinical decisions.

Question 44

What is a weakness of the categorical approach?

Answer 44

It oversimplifies mental health problems.

Question 45

What is reliability?

Answer 45

Consistency of diagnosis across clinicians.

Question 46

What is validity?

Answer 46

Whether a diagnosis reflects the real problem.

Question 47

What is high heterogeneity within disorders?

Answer 47

People with the same diagnosis can look very different.

Question 48

What is high comorbidity?

Answer 48

People often have more than one disorder at the same ti

Question 49

Why is development often overlooked in diagnosis?

Answer 49

The DSM doesn’t fully account for age-related changes.

Question 50

Why is context important in diagnosis?

Answer 50

Environment and situation affect symptoms.

Question 51

What is epidemiology?

Answer 51

The study of how common disorders are in populations.

Question 52

What is psychodynamic therapy?

Answer 52

Focuses on unconscious thoughts and past experiences.

Question 53

What is behavioral therapy?

Answer 53

Focuses on changing learned behaviors.

Question 54

What is cognitive therapy?

Answer 54

Focuses on changing negative thoughts.

Question 55

What is client-centered therapy?

Answer 55

Focuses on empathy, support, and self-growth.

Question 56

What is family therapy?

Answer 56

Involves family members in treatment.

Question 57

What is biological treatment?

Answer 57

Uses medication or medical interventions.

Question 58

What does the treatment spectrum mean?

Answer 58

Mental health treatment includes many different approaches.

Question 59

Why is no single treatment best for everyone?

Answer 59

Children differ in needs, development, and context.

Question 60

What is genetic vulnerability?

Answer 60

A higher risk for mental health issues due to genes.

Question 61

What is accelerated brain aging?

Answer 61

When the brain appears older than expected for a person’s age.

Question 62

How is childhood adversity linked to brain aging?

Answer 62

Adversity can speed up brain aging.

Question 63

What is an idiographic approach?

Answer 63

Focuses on the individual and unique experiences.

Question 64

What is a nomothetic approach?

Answer 64

Focuses on general patterns across many people.