Spiritual essentialism
The religious belief that gender roles and differences are part of an order ordained by god
How does the religious perspective typically view the relationship between divine order and patriarchal structures?
as a convergence of religious belief and patriarchal ideologies
men rule
what is the biological term for physical differences between males and females of the same species?
sexual dimorphism
What is meant by the “no genetic imperative” critique in gender studies?
the argument that genes do not strictly dictate or necessitate specific social behaviours or roles
biological essentialism?
the idea that gender differences are based on objective scientific facts where the social is biological
what is the problem of mean differences in the critique of biological gender research?
statistical averages often ignore the vast similarities and overlaps between men and women
which psychological perspective emphasizes the role of childhood gender socialization within the family unit?
the psychoanalystic perspective
The sigmund Freud’s model what is the instinctual and primitive part of the human psyche?
the ID
In Freud’s model, which component of the mind mediates between instinctual drives and the external world?
the ego
In Freud’s model which component represents the internalized moral standards and ideals of society?
the super ego
How does psychoanalystic perspective view the origin of sexual orientation?
as the result of either proper or failed gender socialization during childhood
what assessment tool did Sanda Bem develop to measure gender traits on a continuum?
the bem sex role inventory
which field was founded by edward wilson, posts that genders social behaviours are driven by the desire to pass on genes?
sociobiology
