Define gender socialization.
The social process of learning gender norms and developing gender identity.
What are the two main outcomes of gender socialization?
Learning norms and forming gender identity.
What is a gender schema?
An internal framework organizing gender information.
What is gender expression?
External communication of gender (clothing, behavior, style).
What does differential socialization reinforce?
The gender binary and hierarchies.
What is direct gender socialization?
Explicit rewards/punishments teaching gender behavior.
What is indirect gender socialization?
Learning gender through observation and subtle cues.
What is anticipatory socialization?
Preparing for future roles.
What is resocialization?
Unlearning old norms and adopting new ones.
What is primary socialization?
Becoming a functioning member of society (early childhood).
What is secondary socialization?
Learning norms of institutions outside the home.
What is reverse socialization?
Youth socializing older generations.
What is reciprocal socialization?
Two-way influence in relationships (e.g., parent-child).
What connects primary and secondary socialization?
Conflict and agreement.
Which agent is responsible for primary socialization?
The family.
Name three educational agents of socialization.
Kindergarten, school, university.
Which agent becomes influential in adolescence?
Peers.
What role does mass & new media play?
Reinforces or challenges gender norms.
What is a gender reveal?
Ritual announcing a baby’s sex, starting socialization before birth.
What is gender disappointment?
Parental sadness when sex doesn’t match preference.
What are cultural genitalia?
Social cues used to signal gender.
What is undoing gender?
Challenging traditional gender hierarchies.
What is gender-neutral/inclusive parenting?
Avoiding strict gender roles and stereotypes.
What is gender-free parenting?
Withholding a child’s sex to reduce gender pressure.
