Module 2 - Compute in the Cloud Flashcards

Question

What does the "Previous Generation" instance family provide?

Answer 1

Previous generation instance types for users who have optimized their applications around them and have yet to upgrade. ## Footnote [See Amazon EC2 instance type specifications](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/ec2/latest/instancetypes/ec2-instance-type-specifications.html)

Answer 2

family and size | e.g. c7gn.2xlarge

Answer 3

True. When choosing instance size, customers may want to balance performance and cost.

Answer 4

Yes. (It does seem that you will need to stop the EC2 instance, change the instance type, and then start the EC2 instance.) ## Footnote [See Change EC2 instance type](https://repost.aws/questions/QUqnnC0uIqRMywnNVAoIIyaA/change-ec2-instance-type)

Answer 5

**Application Programming Interface** "mechanisms that enable two software components to communicate with each other using a set of definitions and protocols" ## Footnote [See What is an API?](https://aws.amazon.com/what-is/api/)

Answer 6

API calls | API = Application Programming Interface

Answer 7

1. AWS Management Console 2. AWS Command Line Interface (CLI) 3. AWS Software Development Kit (SDK)

Answer 8

Browser based user interface that calls AWS APIs. Oriented for manual operations vs. production operations. Good for e.g. at getting started, experimenting, looking at AWS bills. ## Footnote See [What is the AWS Management Console](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/awsconsolehelpdocs/latest/gsg/what-is.html)

Answer 9

Supports text commands to call AWS APIs. Enables scripting automation. ## Footnote See [What is the AWS Command Line Interface](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/cli/latest/userguide/cli-chap-welcome.html)

Answer 10

A browser-based, pre-authenticated shell that you can launch directly from the AWS Management Console. AWS CLI is pre-installed so you can make AWS API calls. ## Footnote [See What is AWS CloudShell.](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/cloudshell/latest/userguide/welcome.html)

Answer 11

Software Development Kits that enable software programs to make AWS API calls. AWS provides SDKs for many popular technologies and programming languages.

Answer 12

"An integrated development environment (IDE) is a software application that combines essential developer tools into one interface to streamline software development." ## Footnote [https://github.com/resources/articles/what-is-an-ide](https://github.com/resources/articles/what-is-an-ide)

Answer 13

An IDE from Microsoft. "A standalone source code editor that runs on Windows, macOS, and Linux. The top pick for JavaScript and web developers, with extensions to support just about any programming language." ## Footnote [https://visualstudio.microsoft.com/](https://visualstudio.microsoft.com/)

Answer 14

Yes, e.g. the AWS toolkit for Visual Studio Code is an open source plug-in for the Visual Studio Code that makes it easier to create, debug, and deploy applications on Amazon Web Services. ## Footnote [https://aws.amazon.com/visualstudiocode/](https://aws.amazon.com/visualstudiocode/)

Answer 15

True. The AWS customer is responsible for managing the guest operating system (OS), applying OS updates, and setting up firewalls (security groups).

Answer 16

1. On-Demand instances 2. Reserved instances 3. Spot instances 4. Savings Plans 5. Dedicated Hosts 6. Dedicated Instances 7. Capacity Reservations ## Footnote See [Pricing for Amazon EC2](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSEC2/latest/UserGuide/concepts.html#ec2-pricing)

Answer 17

On-Demand Instances: Pay only for the compute capacity you consume with no upfront payments or long-term commitments required. Pricing can be per/hour or per/second.

Answer 18

Reduce your Amazon EC2 costs by making a commitment to a specific instance configuration, including instance type and Region, for a term of 1 or 3 years. Reserved Instances are a billing discount applied to On-Demand Instances that match the instance type and Region to which you committed.

Answer 19

Spot Instances: Bid on spare compute capacity at up to 90 percent off the On-Demand price, with the flexibility to be interrupted when AWS reclaims the instance. You do get a 2-minute warning before the instance terminates. | Use for workloads that can tolerate interruption.

Answer 20

Savings Plans: Save by committing to use a specified amount of compute power (measured in $ per hour) over a 1 or 3 year period. Reduce costs by 72% for commitment to usage within individual instance families in a region. Save 66% for commitment to usage regardless of instance family, size, AZ, region OS or tenancy. | Savings Plans also offered for AWS Lambda and AWS Fargate usage. ## Footnote See [What are Savings Plans?](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/savingsplans/latest/userguide/what-is-savings-plans.html)

Answer 21

* No Upfront (your commitment is charged on a monthly basis) * Partial Upfront (pay half up front and the remaining on a monthly basis - this gets you lower prices) * All Upfront (pay everything up front for the lowest prices) ## Footnote See [Savings Plans FAQs](https://aws.amazon.com/savingsplans/faqs/)

Answer 22

compute instance Savings Plans give you the flexibility to use the compute option that best suits your needs. ## Footnote See [Compute Savings Plans and Reserved Instances](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/savingsplans/latest/userguide/sp-ris.html)

Answer 23

Dedicated Hosts: Reserve an entire physical server for your exclusive use. This option offers full control and is ideal for workloads with strict security or licensing needs.

Answer 24

Dedicated Instances: Pay for instances running on hardware dedicated solely to your account. This option provides isolation from other AWS customers.

Answer 25

Dedicated Instances provide isolation without you choosing which physical server they run on. Dedicated Hosts give you an entire physical server for exclusive use, providing complete control over instance placement and resource allocation.

Answer 26

Reserve compute capacity in a specific Availability Zone for critical workloads. Reservations are charged at the On-Demand rate, whether used or not. When you run an instance that matches the attributes of a reservation, you just pay for the instance and nothing for the reservation.

Answer 27

Ability of a system to handle increased load by adding resources.

Answer 28

Adding more power to existing machines.

Answer 29

Adding more machines. Allows for parallel processing.

Answer 30

True. Capacity planning should ensure that the application resources can scale over time to accomodate growth in users and/or workloads.

Answer 31

Elasticity is the ability to scale resources up or down in response to real-time demand, i.e. the dynamic on-demand adjustment of resources.

Answer 32

1. Cost efficiency (pay for what you use) 2. Optimize resource usage (don't waste resources)

Answer 33

Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling automatically adjusts the number of EC2 instances based on changes in application demand, providing better availability. ## Footnote See [What is Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/autoscaling/ec2/userguide/what-is-amazon-ec2-auto-scaling.html)

Answer 34

Dynamic scaling adjusts in real time to fluctuations in demand. ## Footnote See [Choose your scaling method](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/autoscaling/ec2/userguide/scaling-overview.html)

Answer 35

Predictive scaling preemptively schedules the right number of instances based on anticipated demand. ## Footnote See [Choose your scaling method](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/autoscaling/ec2/userguide/scaling-overview.html)

Answer 36

Collections of EC2 instances that can scale in or out to meet application needs. ## Footnote See [What is Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/autoscaling/ec2/userguide/what-is-amazon-ec2-auto-scaling.html) and [Auto Scaling groups](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/autoscaling/ec2/userguide/auto-scaling-groups.html)

Answer 37

1. *Minimum Capacity.* Least number of EC2 instances required to keep the application running. 2. *Desired Capacity*. The ideal number of instances to handle the current workload. 3. *Maximum Capacit*y. An upper limit on number of instances to prevent over-scaling and/or cost overruns. ## Footnote See [What is Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/autoscaling/ec2/userguide/what-is-amazon-ec2-auto-scaling.html) and [Auto Scaling groups](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/autoscaling/ec2/userguide/auto-scaling-groups.html)

Answer 38

Using **Amazon CloudWatch**, a service which collects and monitors performance metrics. ## Footnote See [What is Amazon CloudWatch](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonCloudWatch/latest/monitoring/WhatIsCloudWatch.html) and [Monitor CloudWatch metrics for your Auto Scaling groups and instances](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/autoscaling/ec2/userguide/ec2-auto-scaling-cloudwatch-monitoring.html)

Answer 39

Elastic Load Balancing automatically distributes your incoming traffic across multiple targets, such as EC2 instances, containers, and IP addresses, in one or more Availability Zones. ## Footnote See [What is ELB?](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/elasticloadbalancing/latest/userguide/what-is-load-balancing.html) and [How ELB works](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/elasticloadbalancing/latest/userguide/how-elastic-load-balancing-works.html)

Answer 40

As Amazon EC2 scales the number of EC2 instances in and out, Elastic Load Balancing distributes requests to the then available set of EC2 instances.

Answer 41

1. Application Load Balancer 2. Network Load Balancer 3. Gateway Load Balancer 4. Classic Load Balancer ## Footnote See [What is ELB?](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/elasticloadbalancing/latest/userguide/what-is-load-balancing.html)

Answer 42

A load balancer that operates at the application layer (7) of the OSI network model. Supports HTTP, HTTPS and gRPC protocol listeners. Good for balancing HTTP/S requests. ## Footnote See [What is an Application Load Balancer?](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/elasticloadbalancing/latest/application/introduction.html)

Answer 43

A load balancer that operates at layer 4 of the OSI network model. Supports TCP, UDP and TLS protocol listeners. Use when extreme performance and low latency are required. ## Footnote See [What is a Network Load Balancer?](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/elasticloadbalancing/latest/network/introduction.html)

Answer 44

Gateway Load Balancers enable you to deploy, scale, and manage virtual appliances, such as firewalls, intrusion detection and prevention systems, and deep packet inspection systems. It combines a transparent network gateway (that is, a single entry and exit point for all traffic) and distributes traffic while scaling your virtual appliances with the demand. A Gateway Load Balancer operates at the third (network) layer of the OSI model. ## Footnote See [What is a Gateway Load Balancer?](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/elasticloadbalancing/latest/gateway/introduction.html)

Answer 45

A load balancer that operates at layers 4 and 7 of the OSI network model. Supports TCP, SSL/TLS, HTTP and HTTPS protocol listeners. This is an earlier generation of load balancer from Elastic Load Balancing.

Answer 46

Yes, but you will have to maintain the load balancer.

Answer 47

True. There is a single URL for the region and Elastic Load Balancing does not appear to route traffic to more than one region.

Answer 48

AWS Elastic Load Balancing scales your load balancer capacity automatically in response to changes in incoming traffic.

Answer 49

1. Round Robin 2. Least Connections 3. IP Hash 4. Least Response Time

Answer 50

Distributes traffic evenly across all available servers in a cyclic manner.

Answer 51

Routes traffic to the server with the fewest active connections, maintaining a balanced load.

Answer 52

Uses the client’s IP address to consistently route traffic to the same server.

Answer 53

Directs traffic to the server with the fastest response time, minimizing latency.

Answer 54

1. Efficient traffic distribution across EC2 servers 2. Automatic scaling with changes in network traffic 3. Enables architectures that decouple the front end from the back end 4. Simplifed management as AWS handles maintenance updates, etc.

Answer 55

Front-end instances can make requests of a single URL that routes to an available back-end instance. The front-end instances don't need to remember/manage which back-end instances are available.

Answer 56

Application is designed with loosely coupled components such that if one component fails the others continue to function. Promotes greater flexibility and reliability in the application.

Answer 57

Events are generated from sources like custom apps and AWS services. EventBridge routes these events to other services (application components). If a component/service fails, events are stored and processed when the service is available again. | EventBridge is a serverless service. ## Footnote [What is Amazon EventBridge?](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/eventbridge/latest/userguide/eb-what-is.html)

Answer 58

Amazon Simple Queue Service (SQS) is a scalable message queuing service that facilitates reliable communication between software components. In Amazon SQS, an application places messages into a queue, and a user or service retrieves the message, processes it, and then removes it from the queue. ## Footnote [What is Amazon Simple Queue Service?](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSSimpleQueueService/latest/SQSDeveloperGuide/welcome.html)

Answer 59

Amazon Simple Notification Service (SNS) is a publish-subscribe service that publishers use to send messages to subscribers through SNS topics. In Amazon SNS, subscribers can include web servers, email addresses, Lambda functions, and various other endpoints. | Subscribers can choose topics of interest. ## Footnote [What is Amazon SNS?](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/sns/latest/dg/welcome.html)

Module 2 - Compute in the Cloud Flashcards

(86 cards)