Module 3 - Exploring Compute Services Flashcards

(56 cards)

1
Q

What is serverless computing?

A

You build and run applications without managing the underlying infrastructure. All management of underlying infrastructure is taken care of for you, i.e. a Fully Managed service.

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2
Q

What characterizes an AWS Unmanaged service?

A

AWS takes care of physical infrastructure but the customer still has to maintain operating systems, network configuration, etc.

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3
Q

What characterizes an AWS Managed service?

A

Less responsiblity for the customer in managing things like Operating Systems, networks and firewalls.

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4
Q

What characterizes an AWS Fully Managed service?

A

No need to provision or manage any servers at all.

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5
Q

What is AWS Lambda?

A

Lambda is a serverless compute service that runs code in response to events without the need to provision or manage servers.

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6
Q

How does AWS charge for Lambda?

A

Compute time used, down to the millisecond. Price depends on the amount of memory allocated to the Lambda function that runs.

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7
Q

What is a Lambda function?

A

Code that you upload to AWS Lambda.

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8
Q

When does an AWS Lambda function run?

A

In response to a trigger from an event source.

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9
Q

What are examples of event sources?

AWS Lambda

A

A file upload, an HTTPs request, a user action or another AWS service like Simple Queue Service.

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10
Q

True of False

Event data can be passed to a Lambda function

A

True

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11
Q

Fill in the blank

Lambda is ideal for building responsive, ____________ applications.

A

event-driven

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12
Q

Where are triggers configured?

AWS Lambda

A

In the Lambda console (accessed from the AWS Management Console)

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13
Q

What is the maximum duration of a running AWS Lambda function?

A

15 minutes

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14
Q

What runtime environments are available for Lambda functions?

AWS Lambda

A

Node.js, Java and Python
Also custom runtimes.

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15
Q

What affects the performance of a Lambda function?

A

Memory

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16
Q

What other AWS service logs AWS Lambda calls?

A

AWS CloudWatch
(View CloudWatch logs > log groups > function > log stream)

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17
Q

What is a container?

A

A “package” that contains everything your application needs to run—code, runtime, dependencies and configuration.

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18
Q

What are the benefits of containers?

A

They create a consistent, repeatable environment, isolating your application from the underlying system, and making it convenient to deploy and scale your application anywhere.

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19
Q

How are containers different from Virtual Machines (VMs)?

A
  1. Containers share the host’s OS while VMs each have their own OS.
  2. Containers have faster start times than VMs.
  3. Containers use resources more efficiently than VMs.
  4. Containers have improved portability, e.g an OCI compliant container can run on any host with an OCI compliant container runtime.
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20
Q

What is the Open Container Initiative (OCI)?

A

The Open Container Initiative (OCI) is a lightweight, open governance structure (project), formed under the auspices of the Linux Foundation, for the express purpose of creating open industry standards around container formats and runtimes.

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21
Q

What is container orchestration?

A

Container orchestration is the process of automating the deployment, management, scaling, and networking of containers throughout their lifecycle.

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22
Q

When is container orchestration necessary?

A

When scaling to tens, hundreds or thousands of containers.

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23
Q

What is Kubernetes?

A

Kubernetes is a portable, extensible, open source, container orchestration platform.

24
Q

What are the two container orchestration services offered by Amazon?

A
  1. Amazon Elastic Container Service (ECS)
  2. Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service (EKS
25
Describe Amazon Elastic Container Service (ECS).
A fully managed container orchestration service which provides a convenient way to rapidly launch thousands of containers. ## Footnote [https://docs.aws.amazon.com/whitepapers/latest/containers-on-aws/containers-services-on-aws.html](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/whitepapers/latest/containers-on-aws/containers-services-on-aws.html)
26
# True or False Amazon Elastic Container Service (ECS) allows you to define container images, EC2 instance types and load balancers.
True. But it is also streamlined (no complexity of managing a control plane) and integrates with other AWS services.
27
# True or False Amazon Elastic Container Service (ECS) supports Docker containers.
True.
28
Describe Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service (ECS).
Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service (Amazon EKS) is a fully managed service for running Kubernetes on AWS. ## Footnote [https://docs.aws.amazon.com/whitepapers/latest/containers-on-aws/containers-services-on-aws.html](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/whitepapers/latest/containers-on-aws/containers-services-on-aws.html)
29
What is a Kubernetes cluster?
A Kubernetes **cluster** is a set of nodes, or machines, that are grouped together to run containerized applications. It provides a unified and abstracted compute environment, allowing you to deploy and manage your services without having to directly interact with individual servers. ## Footnote [https://cloud.google.com/discover/what-is-a-kubernetes-cluster](https://cloud.google.com/discover/what-is-a-kubernetes-cluster)
30
What is a Kubernetes node?
A **node** is a worker machine within a Kubernetes cluster, which can be either a virtual machine (VM) from a cloud provider or a physical server in a data center. Each node provides the necessary CPU, memory, and networking resources to run containers. A K8s cluster is composed of a control plane and one or more worker nodes, which collectively provide the cluster's compute capacity. ## Footnote [https://cloud.google.com/discover/what-is-a-kubernetes-cluster](https://cloud.google.com/discover/what-is-a-kubernetes-cluster)
31
What is a Kubernetes control plane?
A **control plane** manages the nodes in a cluster. Makes global decisions about scheduling, responds to cluster events, and manages the life cycle of all Kubernetes objects ## Footnote [https://cloud.google.com/discover/what-is-a-kubernetes-cluster](https://cloud.google.com/discover/what-is-a-kubernetes-cluster)
32
When does it make sense to use Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service (EKS) instead of ECS?
1. If you are already using Kubernetes 2. If you need additional control and flexibility 3. Large scale and hybrid deployments
33
Amazon ECS is the acronym for...
Elastic Container Service
34
Amazon EKS is the acronym for...
Elastic Kubernetes Service
35
In AWS, where can you run containers?
On Amazon EC2 instances or with AWS Fargate.
36
What is AWS Fargate?
AWS Fargate a fully managed compute option to run containers for both Amazon ECS and Amazon EKS. No servers to manage (AWS Fargate takes care of that.) | Also known as a container hosting platform.
37
In Amazon ECS and EKS what are launch types?
Launch types define the infrastructure on which the containers will run, either on Amazon EC2 instances or on AWS Fargate.
38
Why might you use Amazon EC2 to run your containers? | i.e. Amazon EC2 as launch type
You need specific hardware or networking or full control over infrastructure.
39
Why might you use Amazon Fargate to run your containers? | i.e. Amazon Fargate as launch type
You don't want to manage servers, i.e. you want a serverless option.
40
What is Amazon Elastic Container Registry (ECR)?
A place to store and manage your container images that conform to OCI standards. Push, pull and manage images using container tooling and/or a CLI. | OCI is Open Container Initiative
41
From where do Amazon's container orchestration services get the containers they will deploy?
From the Amazon Elastic Container Registry (ECR)
42
What is AWS **Elastic Beanstalk**?
A fully managed service, Beanstalk builds an EC2 environment for your uploaded application, including provisioning EC2 instances, load balancing, health monitoring and scaling.
43
What programming languages and frameworks are supported by AWS Elastic Beanstalk?
Supports applications written in Go, Java, .NET, Node.js, PHP, Python and Ruby. Also supports Docker containers.
44
Do you get to manage the EC2 environment created by Elastic Beanstalk?
Yes, you have visibility and control of the environment.
45
What is **AWS Batch**?
Fully managed service to run batch computing workloads of any scale without worrying about installing or managing batch computing software. ## Footnote [What is AWS Batch?](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/batch/latest/userguide/what-is-batch.html)
46
What types of tasks might be a good fit for AWS Batch?
Compute-intensive tasks like processing big datasets, running simulations, performing complex calculations, scientific computing, financial risk analysis, media transcoding, big data processing, machine learning training, and genomics research. Works well for parallel workloads.
47
Does AWS Batch leverage other AWS services?
Yes, AWS Batch runs on top of AWS managed container services and uses compute capacity of EC2 instances and Fargate.
48
What is an AWS Batch Job? | AWS Batch
A unit of work (such as a shell script, a Linux executable, or a Docker container image) that you submit to AWS Batch. It has a name, and runs as a containerized application on AWS Fargate or Amazon EC2 resources in your compute environment, using parameters that you specify in a job definition. ## Footnote [See Components of AWS Batch](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/batch/latest/userguide/batch_components.html)
49
What is an AWS job queue? | AWS Batch
Holds AWS Batch jobs until they are scheduled onto a compute environment associated with the job queue.
50
What is Amazon **Lightsail**?
Lightsail is a simplified cloud platform offering Virtual Private Servers (instances), container services, managed databases, content deliver network (CDN), load balancers, SSD-based block storage, DNS and backups with predictable monthly pricing. ## Footnote [What is Amazon Lightsail?](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/lightsail/latest/userguide/what-is-amazon-lightsail.html)
51
What is the difference between Amazon Lightsail and Amazon EC2?
Lightsail offers a core set of foundational services but less flexibility than EC2. If you intend to grow your AWS environment, e.g. by adding advanced networking or integration with Amazon RDS, DynamoDB or Lambda, you should consider starting with EC2. ## Footnote [See Amazon Lightsail, AWS Elastic Beanstalk, or Amazon EC2?](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/decision-guides/latest/lightsail-elastic-beanstalk-ec2/lightsail-elastic-beanstalk-ec2.html)
52
Who is the target customer for Lightsail?
Amazon Lightsail is the easiest way to get started with AWS for anyone who needs to build websites or web applications.
53
How do users interact with Lightsail?
Although you can use the AWS management console, Lightsail also has its own intuitive Lightsail console and a Lightsail Query API. You can also use the AWS CLI and SDKs to manage Lightsail resources. ## Footnote [See Access Lightsail](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/lightsail/latest/userguide/access-lightsail.html)
54
What is AWS **Outposts**?
AWS compute and storage capacity deployed in a customer's own on-premises data center.
55
When are AWS Outputs useful?
For organizations that want local compute and storage for lower latency and local data residency requirements; and want to take advantage of using the same AWS APIs that they use for cloud deployments.
56
# True or False An AWS Outpost operates as an extension of an AWS region.
True. AWS Outposts extend an Amazon Virtual Private Cloud (VPC) from an AWS Region to an Outpost. An Outpost is homed to an Availability Zone in the Region and is an extension of that Availability Zone.