AWS Cloud Practitioner Essentials > Module 6 - Storage > Flashcards

Module 6 - Storage Flashcards

(115 cards)

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1
Q

What is block storage?

A

Low-latency block-level storage volumes that attach to EC2 instances like physical hard drives.

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2
Q

What is object storage?

A

a data storage architecture that manages data as objects

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3
Q

What is Amazon’s primary object storage service?

A

Amazon Simple Storage Service (S3)

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4
Q

What is file storage?

A

File systems that conform to a protocol such as NFS (Network File System for Linux); typically shared and network-accessible.

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5
Q

Name Amazon’s two primary file storage services

A
  1. Amazon Elastic File System (EFS)
  2. Amazon FSx
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6
Q

True or False

In a Fully Managed AWS storage service, AWS handles data durability, availability, encryption at rest, and replication.

A

True. Customer is responsible for data management, access controls, and proper service configuration.

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7
Q

True or False

In a Managed AWS storage service, customers are responsible for data backup strategies, encryption configuration, volume performance optimization, and capacity planning.

A

True. AWS manages the underlying storage infrastructure, hardware redundancy, and volume replication.

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8
Q

True or False

In an Unmanaged AWS storage service, customers take full responsibility for data management, backup/recovery, encryption, performance optimization, and durability.

A

True. AWS only maintains the underlying physical hardware and network infrastructure.

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9
Q

Name Amazon’s two primary AWS block storage services

A
  1. Amazon EC2 instance store
  2. Amazon Elastic Block Store (EBS)
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10
Q

An Amazon EC2 instance store is temporary block-level storage for an EC2 instance. Is this storage persistent or not persistent?

A

Not persistent. If you stop or terminate an Amazon EC2 instance, all the data written to the attached instance store is deleted.

See Instance store temporary block storage for EC2 instances

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11
Q

True or False

Amazon EC2 instance store is physically attached to the EC2 instance host computer.

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12
Q

What are some advantages of Amazon EC2 instance store?

A
  1. Because it’s physically connected to the host computer it offers high I/O performance
  2. It doesn’t cost extra because it comes with the EC2 instance price

See Instance store temporary block storage for EC2 instances

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13
Q

What is a good use of Amazon EC2 instance store?

A

temporary memory-based storage needs like buffers, caches, and scratch data

See Instance store temporary block storage for EC2 instances

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14
Q

What is Amazon Elastic Block Store (EBS)

A

Persistent block-level storage volumes for use with Amazon EC2 instances.

See What is Amazon Elastic Block Store?

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15
Q

Fill in the blank

EBS volumes act like ____________

A

external hard drives

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16
Q

Fill in the blank

You ________ an EBS volume to an EC2 instance.

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17
Q

True or False

You can attach multiple EBS volumes to a single instance.

A

True. The volume and instance must be in the same Availability Zone.

See Amazon EBS volumes

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18
Q

True or False

To attach an EC2 instance to an EBS volume, both need to be in the same Availability Zone.

A

True

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19
Q

True or False

When you create an EBS volume, you configure a volume type and the volume size.

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20
Q

Name the two available EBS Volume Types

A

SSD volume types and HDD volume types.

See Amazon EBS volume types

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21
Q

True or False

You can modify the size or performance of an EBS volume at any time with no downtime.

A

True. Although your instance must support Elastic Volumes operations.

See Modify an Amazon EBS volume using Elastic Volumes operation

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22
Q

True or False

An EBS volume can be detached from an EC2 instance and then attached to a different EC2 instance, even with a different instance type.

A

True. This lets you upgrade or downgrade instances without losing data.

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23
Q

Fill in the blank

EBS volumes can be backed up with Amazon EBS ___________.

A

Snapshots

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24
Q

Fill in the blank

EBS snapshots reflect the exact state of an EBS volume at a ____________.

A

Point-in-time

See Amazon EBS snapshots

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25
# Fill in the blank To make backups faster and consume less storage, EBS snapshots support ____________ backups.
Incremental ## Footnote See [How Amazon EBS snapshots work](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/ebs/latest/userguide/how_snapshots_work.html)
26
# Fill in the blank Despite being incremental, each EBS snapshot appears as a full ________ copy of an EBS volume.
point-in-time
27
# Fill in the blanks EBS snapshots facilitate ____________ and ____________.
Data migration and disaster recovery. E.g. Snapshots can be copied between Availability Zones or regions.
28
Where are EBS snapshots stored?
In S3 buckets that you can't access directly. Snapshot data is automatically replicated across all Availability Zones in the Region. ## Footnote See [Amazon EBS snapshots](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/ebs/latest/userguide/ebs-snapshots.html)
29
Can you see your EBS snapshots in the Amazon S3 console?
No. You can't access your snapshots using the Amazon S3 console or the Amazon S3 API. You can create and manage your snapshots using the Amazon EC2 console or the Amazon EC2 API. ## Footnote See [Amazon EBS snapshots](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/ebs/latest/userguide/ebs-snapshots.html)
30
Who is responsible for scheduling and managing EBS snapshots? | AWS or the Customer?
The customer
31
What Amazon tool can you use to automate the creation, retention and deletion of EBS snapshots?
Amazon Data Lifecycle Manager ## Footnote See [Automate backups with Amazon Data Lifecycle Manager](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/ebs/latest/userguide/snapshot-lifecycle.html)
32
In the AWS Management console, how do you reach the Data Lifecycle Manager?
Go to the EC2 console then choose Elastic Block Store and Lifecycle Manager. ## Footnote See [Create Amazon Data Lifecycle Manager custom policy for EBS snapshots](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/ebs/latest/userguide/snapshot-ami-policy.html)
33
# Fill in the blank With Amazon Data Lifecycle Manager, you create ________ to define your backup creation and retention requirements.
policies ## Footnote See [How Amazon Data Lifecycle Manager works](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/ebs/latest/userguide/dlm-elements.html)
34
EBS snapshot policies can be created using...
* the Amazon EC2 console * AWS Command Line Interface (CLI) * SDKs * AWS CloudFormation
35
In a policy created with Amazon Data Lifecycle Manager, what is a target resource?
The type of resource to be snapshotted, either an EBS volume or an EC2 instance. A snapshot of an EC2 instance creates multi-volume snapshots from the volumes attached to an instance. ## Footnote See [Create Amazon Data Lifecycle Manager custom policy for EBS snapshots](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/ebs/latest/userguide/snapshot-ami-policy.html)
36
# Fill in the blank EBS Snapshot policy ________ define when snapshots are created by the policy.
schedules | Only applicable to custom policies.
37
# True or False? An EBS snapshot policy can be configured with options such as excluding certain volumes, apply tags, and initiating cross-region copies.
True. ## Footnote See [Create Amazon Data Lifecycle Manager custom policy for EBS snapshots](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/ebs/latest/userguide/snapshot-ami-policy.html)
38
What is Amazon Simple Storage Service (S3)?
an object storage service for storing and retrieving any amount of data as objects ## Footnote See [What is Amazon S3?](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/userguide/Welcome.html)
39
# True or False Amazon S3 is highly **durable** storage.
True Designed to provide 99.999999999% durability and 99.99% availability of objects over a given year. ## Footnote See [Data protection in Amazon S3](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/userguide/DataDurability.html)
40
What is an S3 object?
A file, metadata that describes the file, and a key that uniquely identifies the object within its bucket. Objects can be of any file type, such as images, videos, documents, or application data, and can range in size from a few bytes to 5 terabytes.
41
# Fill in the blank S3 Object metadata is a set of ________ pairs stored with an object.
Name-value. Amazon S3 assigns system-metadata to each object and you can assign user-defined metadata. ## Footnote See [Amazon S3 objects overview](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/userguide/UsingObjects.html)
42
# Fill in the blank Amazon S3 stores objects in _______
Buckets
43
What is an S3 bucket?
A container for storing objects in Amazon S3.
44
# True or False? There is no maximum on total bucket size.
True. Buckets can hold a virtually unlimited number of objects.
45
# Fill in the blank A bucket resides in an Amazon ________.
region
46
# Fill in the blank When creating a bucket, you specify a name for the bucket. This name should be globally unique across all of ________.
AWS
47
In Amazon S3, what are the 4 types of buckets?
1. general purpose 2. directory 3. table 4. vector ## Footnote See [Buckets](https://docs.aws.amazon.com//AmazonS3/latest/userguide/Welcome.html#BasicsBucket)
48
# Fill in the blank In Amazon S3, what type of bucket is recommended for most use cases and access patterns?
General Purpose Bucket General purpose buckets have a flat storage structure. ## Footnote See [Buckets](https://docs.aws.amazon.com//AmazonS3/latest/userguide/Welcome.html#BasicsBucket)
49
If Amazon S3 general purpose buckets have a flat structure, why do these buckets appear to support folders?
There is no hierarchy, but by allowing prefixes and delimiters in an object key name, the Amazon S3 console and the AWS SDKs can infer hierarchy. ## Footnote See [Naming Amazon S3 objects](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/userguide/object-keys.html)
50
# Fill in the blank In Amazon S3, what type of bucket is recommended for low-latency and data residency use cases?
Directory Bucket Directory buckets organize objects into hierarchical directories. For low-latency use cases (single-digit millisecond), you can create a directory bucket in a single AWS Availability Zone using The S3 Express One Zone storage class. For data-residency use cases, you can create a directory bucket in a single AWS Dedicated Local Zone (DLZ). ## Footnote See [Buckets](https://docs.aws.amazon.com//AmazonS3/latest/userguide/Welcome.html#BasicsBucket)
51
# Fill in the blank You can use S3 ________ to keep multiple versions of an object in the same bucket, which allows you to restore objects that are accidentally deleted or overwritten.
**Versioning**. Buckets do not have versioning configured by default. When you enable S3 Versioning in a bucket, Amazon S3 generates a unique version ID for each object added to the bucket. ## Footnote See [What is Amazon S3?](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/userguide/Welcome.html#Versions)
52
# public or private? By default, S3 buckets and the objects in them are ________.
Private. All new buckets have the "Amazon S3 Block Public Access" feature enabled. ## Footnote See [Blocking public access to your Amazon S3 storage](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/userguide/access-control-block-public-access.html)
53
# Fill in the blank An S3 bucket ________ specifies which actions are allowed or denied on the bucket, in addition to every object in that bucket.
policy
54
# Fill in the blank An S3 bucket policy is a ________ statement.
JSON In practice, a bucket policy is a **resource-based** AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) policy. ## Footnote See [Adding a bucket policy by using the Amazon S3 console](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/userguide/add-bucket-policy.html)
55
# Fill in the blank Access to buckets and S3 resources can also be controlled on a per-user basis. These are called ________ policies.
Identity-based. These policies are created in AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM). You can use identity-based policies to grant an IAM identity access to your buckets or objects. You can create IAM users, groups, and roles in your account and attach access policies to them. You can then grant access to AWS resources, including Amazon S3 resources. ## Footnote See also [Access control in Amazon S3](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/userguide/access-management.html)
56
# Fill in the blanks Amazon S3 supports encryption ________ and ________.
Amaxon S3 supports encryption **at rest** and **in transit**. All Amazon S3 buckets have encryption configured by default, and all new objects that are uploaded to an S3 bucket are automatically encrypted at rest. Amazon S3 supports HTTPS (encrypting data with TLS) for encryption in transit. ## Footnote See [Protecting data with encryption](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/userguide/UsingEncryption.html) and [Protecting data in transit with encryption](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/userguide/UsingEncryptionInTransit.html).
57
Amazon S3 offers a range of storage ________ for different use cases.
classes ## Footnote See [What is Amazon S3?](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/userguide/Welcome.html) and [Understanding and managing Amazon S3 storage classes](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/userguide/storage-class-intro.html)
58
# True or False? An S3 bucket may contain objects that are in different storage classes.
True In a bucket, you can store objects across all storage classes (except for S3 Express One Zone). ## Footnote See [What is Amazon S3?](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/userguide/Welcome.html) and [High performance workloads/S3 Express One Zone](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/userguide/directory-bucket-high-performance.html#s3-express-one-zone)
59
# True or False In general, an S3 object is stored durably across multiple facilities within a region.
All of the S3 storage classes offer high durability. By default, S3 stores data redundantly across a minimum of 3 Availability Zones. However some storage classes offer slightly less durability or slightly lower latency by storing objects on multiple devices within a single Availability Zone. ## Footnote See also [Amazon S3 Storage Classes](https://aws.amazon.com/s3/storage-classes/)
60
# Fill in the blank The default Amazon S3 storage class is called ________.
S3 Standard. Designed for frequently accessed data (more than once a month) with millisecond access. ## Footnote See [What is Amazon S3?](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/userguide/Welcome.html) and [Understanding and managing Amazon S3 storage classes](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/userguide/storage-class-intro.html)
61
# Fill in the blank The S3 storage class with the lowest latency is ________.
S3 Express One Zone. A high-performance, single-zone Amazon S3 storage class that is purpose-built to deliver consistent, single-digit millisecond data access for your most latency-sensitive applications. ## Footnote See [What is Amazon S3?](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/userguide/Welcome.html) and [Understanding and managing Amazon S3 storage classes](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/userguide/storage-class-intro.html)
62
# Fill in the blank The ________ Storage class is for frequently accessed data that requires less redundancy than the S3 Standard Storage class.
Reduced Redundancy. Designed for noncritical, reproducible data. ## Footnote See [What is Amazon S3?](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/userguide/Welcome.html) and [Understanding and managing Amazon S3 storage classes](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/userguide/storage-class-intro.html)
63
Name the two S3 storage classes designed for infrequently accessed objects.
1. S3 Standard-IA 1. S3 One Zone-IA Designed for long-lived and infrequently accessed (once a month) data. Millisecond access (similar to S3 Standard) but there is a per-GB fee for object retrieval. S3 One Zone-IA is not resilient to the loss of the AZ. ## Footnote See [What is Amazon S3?](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/userguide/Welcome.html) and [Understanding and managing Amazon S3 storage classes](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/userguide/storage-class-intro.html)
64
Name the three S3 storage classes designed for rarely accessed objects.
1. S3 Glacier Instant Retrieval 1. S3 Glacier Flexible Retrieval 1. S3 Glacier Deep Archive These storage classes require minimum storage durations and retrieval fees making them most effective for rarely accessed data. ## Footnote See [What is Amazon S3?](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/userguide/Welcome.html) and [Understanding and managing Amazon S3 storage classes](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/userguide/storage-class-intro.html)
65
# Fill in the blank S3 Glacier Instant Retrieval is designed for long-lived, archive data you access once a ________.
Quarter. Provides millisecond access. ## Footnote See [What is Amazon S3?](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/userguide/Welcome.html) and [Understanding and managing Amazon S3 storage classes](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/userguide/storage-class-intro.html)
66
# Fill in the blank S3 Glacier Flexible Retrieval is designed for long-lived, archive data you access once a ________.
Year. Retrieval times of minutes to hours. ## Footnote See [What is Amazon S3?](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/userguide/Welcome.html) and [Understanding and managing Amazon S3 storage classes](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/userguide/storage-class-intro.html)
67
# Fill in the blank S3 Glacier Deep Archive is designed for long-lived, archive data you access ________.
Less than once a year. Retrieval times of hours. ## Footnote See [What is Amazon S3?](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/userguide/Welcome.html) and [Understanding and managing Amazon S3 storage classes](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/userguide/storage-class-intro.html)
68
# Fill in the blank The S3 storage class designed to optimize storage costs by automatically moving data to the most cost-effective access tier, without performance impact or operational overhead, is called ________.
S3 Intelligent-Tiering. There are no retrieval fees for S3 Intelligent-Tiering but there is a small monthly object monitoring and automation fee. ## Footnote See [What is Amazon S3?](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/userguide/Welcome.html) and [Understanding and managing Amazon S3 storage classes](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/userguide/storage-class-intro.html) and [How S3 Intelligent Tiering works](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/userguide/intelligent-tiering-overview.html).
69
What are the three access tiers in which S3 Intelligent-Tiering automatically stores objects?
1. Frequent Access (uploaded objects) 2. Infrequent Access (objects not accessed in 30 consecutive days) 3. Archive Instant Access (objects not accessed for 90 consecutive days) ## Footnote See [What is Amazon S3?](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/userguide/Welcome.html) and [Understanding and managing Amazon S3 storage classes](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/userguide/storage-class-intro.html) and [How S3 Intelligent Tiering works](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/userguide/intelligent-tiering-overview.html).
70
# Fill in the blank The ________ storage class is available for objects stored in buckets on Outposts.
S3 Outposts. ## Footnote See [Understanding and managing Amazon S3 storage classes](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/userguide/storage-class-intro.html) and [What is Amazon S3 on Outposts?](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/s3-outposts/S3onOutposts.html)
71
Use ________ to configure transition actions and expiration actions applicable to an S3 bucket or a group of S3 objects.
S3 Lifecycle ## Footnote See [Managing the lifecycle of objects](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/userguide/object-lifecycle-mgmt.html)
72
# Fill in the blank An S3 Lifecycle ________ action defines when S3 objects transition to another storage class.
transition e.g. configure S3 Lifecycle to move objects from S3 Standard to S3 Standard-IA after 30 days ## Footnote See [Managing the lifecycle of objects](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/userguide/object-lifecycle-mgmt.html)
73
# Fill in the blank An S3 Lifecycle ________ action defines when S3 objects expire.
expiration ## Footnote See [Managing the lifecycle of objects](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/userguide/object-lifecycle-mgmt.html)
74
What does Amazon S3 do when an ojbect expires?
Amazon S3 deletes expired objects on your behalf.
75
# Fill in the blank To analyze storage access patterns, you can use ________
Storage Class Analysis Use the analysis results to help create and improve S3 Lifecycle configurations. ## Footnote See [Amazon S3 analytics – Storage Class Analysis](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/userguide/analytics-storage-class.html)
76
# Fill in the blank S3 ____________ is a bucket-level feature that enables fast, easy, and secure transfers of files over long distances between your client and an S3 general purpose bucket.
Transfer Acceleration ## Footnote See [Configuring fast, secure file transfers using Amazon S3 Transfer Acceleration](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/userguide/transfer-acceleration.html)
77
# Fill in the blank Transfer Acceleration takes advantage of the globally distributed edge locations in Amazon ____________.
CloudFront As the data arrives at an edge location, the data is routed to Amazon S3 over an optimized network path. ## Footnote See [Configuring fast, secure file transfers using Amazon S3 Transfer Acceleration](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/userguide/transfer-acceleration.html)
78
# Fill in the blank Amazon ____________ is a fully managed, scalable file storage system that supports the Linux Network File System (NFS) protocol.
Elastic File System (EFS) ## Footnote See [What is Amazon Elastic File System?](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/efs/latest/ug/whatisefs.html)
79
# True or False With Amazon Elastic File System (EFS), you can create and configure file systems quickly and easily.
True. The service manages all the file storage infrastructure for you, meaning that you can avoid the complexity of deploying, patching, and maintaining complex file system configurations. ## Footnote See [What is Amazon Elastic File System?](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/efs/latest/ug/whatisefs.html)
80
Because Amazon Elastic File System (EFS) is ________, it automatically scales as you add and remove files.
Elastic ## Footnote See [What is Amazon Elastic File System?](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/efs/latest/ug/whatisefs.html)
81
# True or False Amazon Elastic File System (EFS) can be accessed by multiple EC2 instances simultaneously.
True Amazon EFS supports thousands of concurrent NFS connections.
82
# True or False Amazon Elastic File System (EFS) automatically replicates data across multiple Availability Zones in a region for high availability.
True. Storing data across multiple Availability Zones provides continuous availability to the data, even when one or more Availability Zones in an AWS Region are unavailable. (Note that the EFS One Zone classes do NOT store data in multiple AZs although they do perform automated backups using AWS Backup.) ## Footnote See [Features of Amazon EFS>Availability and durability of EFS file systems](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/efs/latest/ug/features.html#availability-durability)
83
Does Amazon Elastic File System (EFS) have storage classes?
Yes
84
Name the Amazon Elastic File System (EFS) storage classes
* EFS Standard * EFS Standard-IA (Infrequent Access) * EFS One Zone * EFS One Zone-IA (Infrequent Access) * EFS Archive
85
# Fill in the blank The Amazon Elastic File System EFS Standard storage class is designed for ________ accessed files. | frequently or infrequently
**Frequently** accessed files. The EFS Standard storage class uses solid state drive (SSD) storage and delivers the lowest levels of latency. ## Footnote See [Features of Amazon EFS>Availability and durability of EFS file systems](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/efs/latest/ug/features.html#availability-durability)
86
# Fill in the blank The Amazon Elastic File System (EFS) Infrequent Access (IA) storage classes are cost-optimized for data that is accessed ____________.
A few times a quarter ## Footnote See [Features of Amazon EFS>Availability and durability of EFS file systems](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/efs/latest/ug/features.html#availability-durability)
87
# Fill in the blank The Amazon Elastic File System (EFS) Archive storage class is cost-optimized for data that is accessed ____________.
A few times each year, or less. ## Footnote See [Features of Amazon EFS>Availability and durability of EFS file systems](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/efs/latest/ug/features.html#availability-durability)
88
# True or False All of the EFS Storage classes offer retrieval latency that is counted in milliseconds.
True. EFS standard offers sub-millisecond firts byte read latency. EFS IA and Archive classes offer first byte read latency in tens of milliseconds. ## Footnote See [Features of Amazon EFS>Availability and durability of EFS file systems](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/efs/latest/ug/features.html#availability-durability)
89
# Fill in the blank Amazon Elastic File System (EFS) supports ________ configuration that automatically transitions data between storage classes.
Lifecycle The lifecycle configuration is a set of lifecycle policies that define when to transition the file system data to another storage class. ## Footnote See [Features of Amazon EFS>Availability and durability of EFS file systems](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/efs/latest/ug/features.html#availability-durability)
90
# Fill in the blank A lifecycle configuration comprises three lifecycle policies that you set for the ________.
file system ## Footnote See [Managing storage lifecycle](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/efs/latest/ug/lifecycle-management-efs.html)
91
# Fill in the blank Name the three lifecycle policies of an EFS (Elastic File System) lifecycle configuration.
1. Transition into IA 2. Transition into Archive 3. Transition into Standard The default lifecycle policies are (1) files that are not accessed in Standard storage for 30 days are transitioned into IA (2) files that are not accessed in Standard storage for 90 days are transitioned into Archive (3) files in Archive storage stay there. ## Footnote See [Managing storage lifecycle](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/efs/latest/ug/lifecycle-management-efs.html)
92
How is scaling different in Elastic Block Store and Elastic File Service?
EFS automatically scales to give you more file storage. EBS volumes can be re-sized, but it requires user action to modify the volume size.
93
Amazon FSx provides fully managed file systems in the cloud. Name the 4 supported file systems.
1. Lustre 2. NetApp ONTAP 3. OpenZFS 4. Windows File Server ## Footnote See [Amazon FSx Documentation](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/fsx/), [Lustre](https://www.lustre.org/), [NetApp ONTAP](https://www.netapp.com/ontap-data-management-software/), [OpenZFS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenZFS) and []()
94
# True or False As a fully managed service, Amazon FSx handles backups.
True. Amazon FSx protects your data by taking highly durable backups of your file system automatically on a daily basis and allows you to take additional backups.
95
As a fully managed service, Amazon FSx keeps the underlying file server software (e.g. Windows, ONTAP, Lustre) up-to-date.
True
96
# Fill in the blank AWS ____________ is a service that connects an on-premises software appliance with AWS cloud-based storage.
Storage Gateway A hybrid cloud storage service that makes it possible to seamlessly integrate on-premises environments with AWS Cloud storage. ## Footnote See [AWS Storage Gateway Documentation](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/storagegateway/)
97
What are the three types of gateways offered as part of AWS Storage Gateway?
1. Amazon S3 File Gateway 2. Volume Gateway 3. Tape Gateway ## Footnote See [AWS Storage Gateway Documentation](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/storagegateway/)
98
Regardless of the type of storage gateway, what are three ways of deploying an AWS storage gateway?
1. As a virtual machine (VM) in an on-premise environment 1. As a hardware appliance in an on-premise environment 1. As an EC2 instance in the AWS cloud ## Footnote See intro to [What is Volume Gateway?](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/storagegateway/latest/vgw/WhatIsStorageGateway.html)
99
# Fill in the blank Amazon S3 File Gateway bridges your local environment with ____________.
Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3) ## Footnote See [What is Amazon S3 File Gateway](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/filegateway/latest/files3/what-is-file-s3.html)
100
# Fill in the blank When you deploy an S3 File Gateway, it appears to your local systems as a standard ____________.
file server Files written to this "server" are automatically uploaded to Amazon S3 while maintaining local access to recently used data through intelligent caching. You can think of an S3 File Gateway as a file system mount on Amazon S3. ## Footnote See [What is Amazon S3 File Gateway](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/filegateway/latest/files3/what-is-file-s3.html)
101
S3 File Gateway implements which two industry-standard file system protocols?
NFS and SMB ## Footnote See [What is Amazon S3 File Gateway](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/filegateway/latest/files3/what-is-file-s3.html)
102
# Fill in the blank The SMB protocol is a network ____________ protocol.
file sharing SMB allows you to read and write to files over the network on top of TCP/IP or other protocols. Originally developed by IBM in 1983 and later adopted and expanded by Microsoft. Widely used in Windows environments. ## Footnote See [What is SMB File Sharing for Windows and Windows Server?](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/storage/file-server/file-server-smb-overview)
103
# True or False If you've deployed S3 File Gateway, you can also access your data directly in Amazon S3 from any AWS Cloud service.
True And you can manage your S3 data using lifecycle policies, cross-region replication, and versioning. ## Footnote See [What is Amazon S3 File Gateway](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/filegateway/latest/files3/what-is-file-s3.html)
104
Which type of AWS Storage Gateway provides cloud-backed block-storage volumes that you can mount as iSCSI devices from your on-premises application servers?
Volume Gateway ## Footnote See [What is Volume Gateway?](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/storagegateway/latest/vgw/WhatIsStorageGateway.html)
105
What are the two volume configurations supported by Volume Gateway?
1. Cached Volumes 2. Stored Volumes ## Footnote See [What is Volume Gateway?](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/storagegateway/latest/vgw/WhatIsStorageGateway.html) and [How Volume Gateway works](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/storagegateway/latest/vgw/StorageGatewayConcepts.html)
106
With Volume Gateway, how are cached volumes and stored volumes different?
In the cached volumes solution, the block-storage volume is stored in its entirety in Amazon S3 and recently accessed data is cached in the volume gateway appliance. With stored volumes, the block-storage volume is stored in its entirety on the volume gateway appliance. ## Footnote See [What is Volume Gateway?](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/storagegateway/latest/vgw/WhatIsStorageGateway.html) and [How Volume Gateway works](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/storagegateway/latest/vgw/StorageGatewayConcepts.html)
107
# Fill in the blank With Volume Gateway, both cached volumes and stored volumes can be backed up in the AWS Cloud as ____________.
Amazon EBS (Elastic Block Store) snapshots stored in Amazon S3 ## Footnote See [How Volume Gateway works](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/storagegateway/latest/vgw/StorageGatewayConcepts.html)
108
With Volume Gateway, cached volumes minimize the need to scale up ____________.
on-premise storage Because the new block-storage volumes are, in practice, living in Amazon S3. ## Footnote See [How Volume Gateway works](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/storagegateway/latest/vgw/StorageGatewayConcepts.html)
109
With Volume Gateway, stored volumes allow you to store your data ____________ with ____________ access.
Locally with low-latency access. With the added advantage that volumes can be backed up to the cloud as EBS snapshots. ## Footnote See [How Volume Gateway works](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/storagegateway/latest/vgw/StorageGatewayConcepts.html)
110
# Fill in the blank When you deploy a ____________, it presents itself to your backup applications as standard tape hardware.
Tape Gateway ## Footnote See [What is Tape Gateway?](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/storagegateway/latest/tgw/WhatIsStorageGateway.html) and [How Tape Gateway works](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/storagegateway/latest/tgw/StorageGatewayConcepts.html)
111
# Fill in the blank Tape Gateway supports the concepts of a Virtual Tape, a Virtual Tape Library (VTL) and a Virtual Tape Shelf (VTS). Virtual tapes are stored in a Virtual Tape Library in ____________.
Amazon S3 ## Footnote See [What is Tape Gateway?](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/storagegateway/latest/tgw/WhatIsStorageGateway.html) and [How Tape Gateway works](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/storagegateway/latest/tgw/StorageGatewayConcepts.html)
112
# Fill in the blank With Tape Gateway, when you archive a virtual tape, moving it from a Virtual Tape Library (VTL) to a Virtual Tape Shelf (VTS), the data moves to what S3 storage classes?
S3 Glacier Flexible Retrieval or S3 Glacier Deep Archive ## Footnote See [What is Tape Gateway?](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/storagegateway/latest/tgw/WhatIsStorageGateway.html) and [How Tape Gateway works](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/storagegateway/latest/tgw/StorageGatewayConcepts.html)
113
AWS ____________ replicates source servers on supported operating systems to facilitate disaster recovery.
Elastic Disaster Recovery ## Footnote See [What is Elastic Disaster Recovery?](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/drs/latest/userguide/what-is-drs.html)
114
# True or False AWS Elastic Disaster Recovery supports non-disruptive recovery and failback drills.
True ## Footnote See [What is Elastic Disaster Recovery?](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/drs/latest/userguide/what-is-drs.html)
115
# Fill in the blank With AWS Elastic Disaster Recovery, the source server is replicated to a ____________ subnet in a selected AWS region.
staging area The staging area design reduces costs by using affordable storage and minimal compute resources to maintain ongoing replication. ## Footnote See [What is Elastic Disaster Recovery?](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/drs/latest/userguide/what-is-drs.html)
AWS Cloud Practitioner Essentials
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