MODULE 5 - SELF TEACH THINGS

Question 1

what are the two parts of the nervous system?

Answer 1

• central nervous system
• peripheral nervous system

Question 2

what makes up the CNS?

Answer 2

brain and spinal cord

Question 3

what makes up the PNS?

Answer 3

all the nerves in the body

Question 4

what is the purpose of of CNS + PNS?

Answer 4

• to make sense of our surroundings and respond to them
• to coordinate and regulate body functions

Question 5

how is the nervous system divided functionally?

Answer 5

• divided into two
• somatic nervous system
• automatic nervous system

Question 6

which three nerves are involved in the somatic nervous system?

Answer 6

• sensory nerves
• motor nerves
• spinal nerves

Question 7

what do sensory nerves consist of? what is their function?

Answer 7

• carries impulses from sense organs to the CNS
• sensory neurones

Question 8

what do motor nerves consist of? what is their function?

Answer 8

• consist of motor neurones
• carry impulses from the CNS to muscles and glands

Question 9

what is the somatic nervous system required for?

Answer 9

the voluntary control of body movement

Question 10

what do spinal nerves consist of?

Answer 10

• mixed nerves consisting of both sensory and motor neurones
• found in spinal cord

Question 11

what is the automatic nervous system?

Answer 11

a self controlling system required for involuntary actions and functions

Question 12

which nervous system in required for the voluntary control of body movements?

Answer 12

somatic nervous system

Question 13

which functional nervous system can be divided into two parts?

Answer 13

the automatic nervous system

Question 14

what is the automatic nervous system divided into?

Answer 14

• the sympathetic nervous system (fight or flight)
• the parasympathetic nervous system (rest + digest)

Question 15

what does the sympathetic nervous system control?

Answer 15

the release of adrenaline to increase the heart rate

Question 16

what is the brain responsible for?

Answer 16

controlling complex behaviours

Question 17

which 6 parts of the brain do we have to know?

Answer 17

• cerebrum
• cerebellum
• spinal cord
• medulla oblongata
• pituitary gland
• hypothalamus

Question 18

which is the largest part of the brain?

Answer 18

the cerebrum

Question 19

what functions is the cerebrum involved in? give examples

Answer 19

conscious activities like vision, hearing, speech, thinking, memory

Question 20

how many lobes does the cerebrum have?

Answer 20

5

Question 21

which two sections is the cerebrum split in to? what do these control?

Answer 21

• right hemisphere : controls left side of body
• left hemisphere: controls right side of body

Question 22

what adaptation does the cerebrum have to help it function?

Answer 22

highly folded: this gives it a higher surface area meaning it can contain a high number of neurones
- this means that more connections between neurones can be made
- therefore the Brain has a greater ability to carry out more complex behaviours

Question 23

where is the hypothalamus?

Answer 23

middle of the lower part of the brain
- just above the pituitary gland

Question 24

what does the hypothalamus monitor?

Answer 24

the blood ads it is flowing through it and releases hormones (or stimulates the pituitary gland to) in response

Question 25

what are the 4 main functions of the pituitary gland?

Answer 25

- regulating body temp - osmoregulation - regulating digestive activity - controlling endocrine functions (producing hormones) - monitoring the composition of blood plasma e.g. water and glucose

Question 26

how does the hypothalamus control endocrine functions?

Answer 26

releasing chemicals that cause the pituitary gland to release certain hormones

Question 27

why does the hypothalamus have a rich blood supply?

Answer 27

due to its involvement in monitoring blood plasma composition

Question 28

how does the hypothalamus regulate body temp?

Answer 28

by monitoring blood temp abdominal initiating a homeostatic response if the temp gets too high or low

Question 29

how is the hypothalamus involved in osmoregulation?

Answer 29

- generates feeling of thirst causing us to increase our water intake - monitors blood water conc and stimulating the posterior pituitary gland to release ADH if increase water intake in kidneys

Question 30

how is the hypothalamus involved in regulating digestive activity?

Answer 30

- degenerates feelings of hunger - controls the secretion of enzymes in the gut - controls peristalsis

Question 31

define peristalsis

Answer 31

the automatic, wave-like contraction and relaxation of muscles in the digestive tract—specifically the esophagus, stomach, and intestines—that propels food and liquids forward

Question 32

where is the pituitary gland?

Answer 32

bottom of the brain, below the hypothalamus

Question 33

what two sections in the pituitary gland split into?

Answer 33

- anterior pituitary gland - posterior pituitary gland

Question 34

what is the role of the pituitary gland?

Answer 34

releases a large range of hormones - some directly influence or regulate body processes - some stimulate the release if further hormones from specific locations

Question 35

where is the cerebellum?

Answer 35

below the cerebrum

Question 36

what does the cerebellum control? what does this include?

Answer 36

motor coordination - this includes balance

Question 37

what is balance? what makes it so complex?

Answer 37

a highly complex function requiring coordination between multiple parts including the eyes many muscles and the ears

Question 38

where is the medulla oblongata?

Answer 38

base of the brain where it joins the spinal cord

Question 39

which three centres does the medulla contain?

Answer 39

- cardiac centre - vasomotor centre - respiratory centre

Question 40

what does the cardiac centre control?

Answer 40

heart rate

Question 41

what does the vasomotor centre control?

Answer 41

blood pressure by controlling the contraction of smooth muscles in arteriole walls

Question 42

what does the respiratory centre control?

Answer 42

breathing rate