What are the three layers of the heart
endocardium, myocardium and epicardium
What are the atrioventricular valves of the heart
tricuspid and mitral
What are the semilunar valves
aortic and pulmonic
What is depolarization in the heart
electrical activation of cell caused by influx of sodium into cell when potassium exits the cell
What is redepolarization in the heart
return of cell to resting state caused by reentry of K into cell while Na exits
What is the effective refractory period
phase in which cells are incapable of depolarizing
What is the relative refractory perioid
phase in which cells require stronger than normal stimulus to depolarize
What are the 3 major sequential events of the heart
diastole
atrial systole
ventricular systole
What is ejaction fraction
percentage of end diastolic volume ejected with each heart beat (left ventricle)
Cardiac output
amount of blood pumped by ventricle in liters per minute
What is formula for cardiac output
CO=SVXHR
What is stroke volume
amount of blood ejected with each heartbeat
What is preload
degree of stretch of cardiac muscle fibers at end of diastole
What is afterload
resistance to ejection of blood from ventricle
What is contractility
ability of cardiac muscle to shorten in response to electrical impulses
What controls the heart rate
autonomic nervous system, baroreceptors
What controls stroke volume
preload (FSLaw) and afterload
What is contractility
force generated by the contracting myocardium
What can decrease contractility
hypoxemia, acidosis, certain medications
How do you do an assessment of the cardio system
- Health Hx
- Demographic information
- Fam and genetic history
- Cultural and social factors
- Mod and nonmod risk factors
What do you collect in a cardiac health hx
- Chest pain/discomfort
- Pain in other upper body areas
- SOB/dyspnea
- Peripheral edea, weight gain and abd distension
- Palpitations
- fatigue, dizzy, syncope and LOC
What are some past, fam and social Hx to gather
- medications
- diet type
- elimination
- activity, exercise
- sleep, rest
- self concept
- roles and relationships
- sexuality and reproduction
- Coping mechs for stress
How to do a physical assessment of the cardio system
- General appearance
- Skin and extremities
- Pulse pressure
- BP
- Arterial pulses
- Jugular vein pulsations
- Heart (I,P,A)
What are some labs for the heart
Cardiac biomarkers
blood chem
lipid profile
BNP
C-reactive protein
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Week 1 Module 1 Chapter 213
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Week 1 Module 1 Chapter 919
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Week 1 Module 1 Chapter 711
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Week 2 Module 2 Chapter 6020
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Week 2 Module 2 Chapter 817
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Week 2 Module 2 Chapter 5928
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Week 3 Module 3 Chapter 5725
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Week 3 Module 3 Chapter 5610
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Week 3 Module 3 Chapter 1029
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Module 4- Ch. 1724
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Module 4- Ch. 1829
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Module 5 Ch. 1952
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Module 5 Ch 2021
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Module 5 Ch 2131
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Module 6 Ch 2232
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Module 6 Ch 2414
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Module 6 Ch 2339
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Module 7 Ch. 2630
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Module 7 Ch. 2751
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Module 7 Ch. 2824
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Module 8 Ch. 32- Assessment of Immune Function35
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Module 8 Ch. 34 Assessment with Allergic Disorders49
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Module 8 Ch. 61- Assessment of Neurological Function20
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Module 8 Ch. 62 Management of Pts with Neurologic Dysfunction56
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Module 8 Ch. 63 Management of Pts with Cerebrovascular Disorders32
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Module 9 Ch. 36 Assessment of Musculoskeletal function30
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Module 9 Ch. 38 Mgm of patients with Msk Trauma59
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Module 9 Ch. 37 Management of Pts with MSK Disorders73
