What is osmosis
moving from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration
What is diffusion
movement from high solute concentration to low solute concetration
What is filtration
movement of water, solutes occurs from area of high hydrostatic pressure to area of low hydrostatic pressure
What is hydrostatic pressure
exerted on walls of blood vessels
What is osmotic pressure
exerted by protein in plasma
What is hypovolemia
loss of extracellular fluid exceeds intake ratio of water
- electrolytes lost in same proportion as they exist in normal body fluids
Is dehydration the same as fluid volume deficit
no, dehydration is a loss of water alone with increased sodium levels
What are some causes of FVD
abnormal fluid loss, decreased intake, third spacing, DI, hemorrhage
What are some nursing management of FVD
- I&O every 8 hrs
- daily weight
- monitor vital signs
What are some causes of FVE
- fluid overload or diminished homeostatic mechanisms
- heart failure, kidney and liver injury
What is hypervolemia
- expansion of the ecf caused by abnormal retention of water and sodium in approx. same proportions
What are some manifestations of FVE
- edema
- distended neck veins
- crackles
- elevated BUN
Management of FVE
diuretics, restriction of fluids, low sodium
Management of hyponatremia
- Administer LR or NS
- hypertonic solutions given slowly
What are the nursing management of hypernatremia
- Gradually lower serum sodium levels
- diuretics
- Assessment for abnormal water loss
What are the nursing management of hypokalemia
- Potassium replacement
- Monitor for EKG changes
- Monitor for ABGs
- Monitor patients getting digitalis for toxicity
What are the nursing management of hyperkalemia
- monitor EKG, heart rate, BP
- limit dietary potassium and diet teachings
-give IV calcium gluconate
What are the nursing management of hypocalcemia
- Seizure precautions
- IV calcium gluconate
- oral calcium and vit d supplements
What are the nursing management of hypercalcemia
- treat underlying condition
- admin IV fluids, furosemide, calcitonin
- increase mobility
What are the nursing management of hypomagnemia
- Calcium gluconate if they become hypocalcemic too
- seizure precautions
- leafy greens, veggies, beans, lentils, almonds, pb
What are the nursing management of hypermagnesmia
- IV calcium gluconate
- ventilatory support (resp depression)
- hemodialysis
- avoid magnesium containing medications
What are the nursing management of hypophosphatemia
- Prevention is goal
- phosphorous replacement
- encourage phosphorus high foods (milk, organ meats, beans)
What are the nursing managements of hyperphosphatemia
- Treat underlying condition
- Vit D, calcium binding antiacids
- Monitor phosphorous
- avoid high phosphorous foods
What are the nursing managements of hypochloremia
- Replace it IV (NS/0.45%NS)
- Ammonium chloride
- Monitor I and Os
-
Week 1 Module 1 Chapter 213
-
Week 1 Module 1 Chapter 919
-
Week 1 Module 1 Chapter 711
-
Week 2 Module 2 Chapter 6020
-
Week 2 Module 2 Chapter 817
-
Week 2 Module 2 Chapter 5928
-
Week 3 Module 3 Chapter 5725
-
Week 3 Module 3 Chapter 5610
-
Week 3 Module 3 Chapter 1029
-
Module 4- Ch. 1724
-
Module 4- Ch. 1829
-
Module 5 Ch. 1952
-
Module 5 Ch 2021
-
Module 5 Ch 2131
-
Module 6 Ch 2232
-
Module 6 Ch 2414
-
Module 6 Ch 2339
-
Module 7 Ch. 2630
-
Module 7 Ch. 2751
-
Module 7 Ch. 2824
-
Module 8 Ch. 32- Assessment of Immune Function35
-
Module 8 Ch. 34 Assessment with Allergic Disorders49
-
Module 8 Ch. 61- Assessment of Neurological Function20
-
Module 8 Ch. 62 Management of Pts with Neurologic Dysfunction56
-
Module 8 Ch. 63 Management of Pts with Cerebrovascular Disorders32
-
Module 9 Ch. 36 Assessment of Musculoskeletal function30
-
Module 9 Ch. 38 Mgm of patients with Msk Trauma59
-
Module 9 Ch. 37 Management of Pts with MSK Disorders73
