Mutation

Question 1

What is a mutation

Answer 1

A random change in an organisms DNA

Question 2

How often do mutations occur

Answer 2

Continuously
Most do not alter the protein, or only alter it slightly so the function is still carried out

Question 3

What increases the risk of mutation

Answer 3

Certain substances
Radiation

Question 4

What can happen due to a mutation

Answer 4

They change the sequence of DNA meaning the sequence of amino acids that make up a protein can be changed. The proteins shape can be affected meaning its function can’t be carried out

Question 5

What would happen if there is a mutation in an enzyme

Answer 5

The shape of the active site can change meaning it cannot bind to the substrate so it loses its function

Question 6

What would happen if there was a mutation in a structural proteins

Answer 6

It would lose its strength

Question 7

What is a non coding part of DNA

Answer 7

The part of the genome that does not provide instructions for making proteins.
They can control when genes are on and off, so variations here can affectct how genes are expressed

Question 8

What are the three types of mutation

Answer 8

Insertions- new base is inserted in the base sequence- they can change multiple amino acids
Deletions- a random base is deleted- knock on effect and Change multiple amino acids
Substitution- one base is swapped for a difference base- only affects one amino acid