AeE 404 - Introduction to Avionics Integration > Navigation Systems > Flashcards

Navigation Systems Flashcards

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1
Q

Navigation Systems ATA Chapter

A

ATA 34

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2
Q

drawn over the globe using imaginary lines of latitude and longitude to define a two-dimensional position on the earth’s surface

A

coordinate system

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3
Q

These lines are placed or passing from North – South.

A

longitude

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4
Q

longest latitude

A

equator

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5
Q

the quantity of distance used for aircraft navigation

A

nautical miles (nmi)

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6
Q

rate of change of distance with respect to time in knots

A

aircraft speed

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7
Q

The position of an aircraft can be fixed with the help of two _.

A

VORs (VHF omnidirectional range)

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8
Q

a type of radio navigation system which uses VHF radio composite signal, which includes stations identifier, voice and navigation signal

A

VHF omnidirectional range (VOR)

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9
Q

a method of transmitting textual information as a series of on-off tones, lights or click and that can be understood by a skilled listener

A

morse code

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10
Q

developed the morse code

A

Samuel F.B. Morse

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11
Q

is able to be received over poor signal conditions. (i.e. when voice communications are not possible)

A

morse code

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12
Q

the direction of one object from another object

A

bearing

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13
Q

the direction of an object toward the magnetic north pole

A

magnetic bearing

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14
Q

an autonomous dead reckoning method of navigation. (i.e. it won’t require any external inputs or references from ground station)

A

inertial navigation system

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15
Q

was developed by US Military in 1950s and was introduced in commercial aircrafts in 1970s

A

inertial navigation system

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16
Q

can compute navigation data such as present position, distance, heading, ground speed, wind speed and wind direction

A

inertial navigation system

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17
Q

is formed with a mass and two springs within a housing

A

accelerometer

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18
Q

property in which a mass continues in its existing state of rest or movement unless the applied forces changes

A

inertia

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19
Q

is used to measure the amount of relative movement of the mass

A

transducer

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20
Q

a system containing a heavy metal wheel or rotor; has 3 degrees of freedom

A

gyros

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21
Q

three (3) degrees of freedom of a gyro

A
  • spinning
  • tilting
  • veering
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22
Q

two (2) properties possessed by a gyro which depend on the principle of conservation of angular momentum

A
  • gyroscopic inertia
  • precession
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23
Q

gyros which depend on gyroscopic inertia

A

directional gyros

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24
Q

gyros used in turn and slip indicators and depend on precession

A

rate gyros

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25
are used in inertial navigation system
electromechanical gyros
26
use interference of laser beam within an optic path or ring to detect the rotational displacement
ring laser gyros
27
its advantages: - There are no moving parts, so there is no friction. - compact, - lightweight, - has a long and reliable life time (30000 hours) - fit and forget - low-cost
ring laser gyro
28
a laser in which the laser cavity has the shape of a ring
ring laser
29
an arrangement of mirrors that forms a standing wave cavity resonator for light waves
optical cavity/optical resonator
30
The difference in frequency is directly proportional to the _.
rotation rate
31
the tendency of a system to oscillate at greater amplitude at some frequencies than at others
resonance
32
is formed by the superposition of two waves of the same frequency propagating in opposite directions
standing wave
33
uses the interference of light through several kilometers of coiled fiber optic cable to detect angular rotation
fiber optic gyro
34
a self-contained dead reckoning system. (i.e. It won't require any external inputs or references from ground stations)
Doppler navigation
35
were developed in the 1940s and introduced in the 1950s as a primary navigation system
Doppler navigation systems
36
navigation system that can be used for long distance navigation over oceans and undeveloped areas of the globe
Doppler navigation systems
37
The frequency of a wave apparently changes as its source moves closer to, or further away from an observer.
Doppler effect
38
can be calculated by directing a beam at right angles to the direction of travel, and applying the same principle
drift
39
Due to _, the direction of movement of the aircraft or track is not the same as the heading.
wind forces
40
angle between heading and track
drift angle
41
the speed of an aircraft relative to the ground
ground speed
42
vector sum of aircraft's true airspeed, current wind speed and direction
ground speed
43
operates and maintains GPS
US DOD
44
number of satellites used for GPS
27 (24 active + 3 spare)
45
provides the location within meters or less anywhere on the globe
GPS
46
GPS frequency used by civilians
1575.42 MHz
47
the process of locating four or more satellites and figuring out the distance to each satellite and using this information to deduce its own location
triangulation/trilateration
48
four (4) essential ingredients of a GPS satellite
i. start time (transmission time) ii. ephemeris (satellite location) iii. arrival time (reception time) iv. distance travelled (travel time and range)
49
travel time = _ time – _ time
arrival; start
50
range = speed of _ x _ time
light; travel
51
an orbit around Earth with an altitude between 160 kilometers
low earth orbit (LEO)
52
an electromagnetic system for the detection and location of reflecting objects such as aircraft, ships, spacecraft, vehicle, people and the natural environment
radar
53
operates by radiating energy into space and detecting the echo signal reflected from an object or target
radar
54
can operate in darkness, haze, fog, rain and snow, measuring the distance with high accuracy in all weather conditions
radar
55
detects water droplets, cloud turbulence and warning about storms
weather radar
56
The _ to a target is determined by the time TR it takes the radar signal to travel to the target and back.
range
57
a military action which exploits the electromagnetic spectrums
electronic warfare
58
includes reconnaissance or surveillance equipment which detects and analyses electromagnetic radiation from radar and communication transmitters
passive electronic warfare equipment
59
is used to identify and map the location of emitters without altering the nature of the signals they receive
passive electronic warfare equipment
60
generates energy either in the form of noise to confuse enemy's electromagnetic sensors or by generating false or time-delayed signals to confuse the radar equipment and their operators
active electronic warfare equipment
61
is programmed to alert a pilot when the aircraft is being illuminated by a specific radar signal
warning receiver
62
metallic strips cut to length, resonant at the defense radar frequency, so they return spurious radar echoes to enemy radar
chaff
63
can confuse an enemy by generating false targets or noise
chaff
64
can screen or mask aircraft or higher speed ships, so that the enemy is unable to determine their presence
chaff
65
The deception set may receive an enemy radar pulse, circulate its through a delay line, amplify it and reradiate it back towards the enemy.
deception jamming
66
involves the use of electromagnetic energy or counter electromagnetic radiation weapons to attack the enemy's equipment
electronic attack (EA)/electronic counter measures (ECM)
67
uses actions to protect equipment from any affects caused by enemy
electronic protection (EP)
68
the subdivision of electronic warfare involving actions tasked by an operational commander to search for, intercept, identify and locate the intentional and unintentional radiated electromagnetic energy for the purpose of immediate threat recognition, targeting, planning and conduct of future operations
electronic warfare support
AeE 404 - Introduction to Avionics Integration
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