Nerve tissue

Question 1

Neural plate forms neural tube via process called?

Answer 1

Neurulation

Question 2

_ form the muscles, ribs, vertebra, skin

Answer 2

Somites

Question 3

_ give rise to sensory ganglia and glial cells in PNS

Answer 3

Crest cells

Question 4

_ are non-conducting cells that divide and support/protect neurons

Answer 4

Neuroglia

Question 5

Majority of neurons in humans are

Answer 5

Multipolar

Question 6

Multipolar neurons(2)
Each involved in what?

Answer 6

• Pyramidal(memory, learning)
• Purkinje(motor movement)

Question 7

Bipolar neurons involved in?

Answer 7

Sight, smell, hearing, balance

Question 8

Unipolar neurons involved in?

Answer 8

Touch/pain(peripheral)

Question 9

Example of anaxonic neurons

Answer 9

Amacrine cells in retina

Question 10

Structure of -
Sensory:
Interneurons:
Motor neurons:

Answer 10

• Most unipolar, some bipolar
• Multipolar
• Multipolar

Question 11

Perikaryon(Cell body) made of(3)

Answer 11

• Organelles
• Nissl substance
• Inclusions(Lipofuschin, melanin)

Question 12

Alzheimer’s deposits(2)

Answer 12

• Plaques(B-amyloid)
• Neurofibrillary tangles(Tau proteins)

Question 13

Network of unmyelinated axons, dendrites, synapses, glial cells with low cell bodies

Answer 13

Neuropil

Question 14

Neurofibrils(3)
What is each composed of?

Answer 14

• Microtubules(tubulin)
• Neurofilaments(IF)
• Microfilaments(actin)

Question 15

T/F: Neurons and glial cells have neurofilaments.

Answer 15

False. Only neurons. Neurofilaments are a marker for differentiation

Question 16

What is used in anterograde tracing?
What is used is retrograde tracing?

Answer 16

• Wheat germ agglutinin, phaseolus vulgaris
• HRP, fluorscent dye, viral strains

Question 17

Injury to a nerve fiber that damages axonal transport causes _

Answer 17

Wallerian degeneration

Question 18

If the axon fails to regenerate, it forms a _

Answer 18

Neuroma

Question 19

Most numerous glia _
They are found near _

Answer 19

• Astrocytes
• Capillaries

Question 20

2 types of astocytes

Answer 20

• Fibrous(white matter)
• Protoplasmic(Gray matter)

Question 21

Marker for astrocytes

Answer 21

GFAP

Question 22

_ astrocytes processes that regulate blood flow in brain and attach to capillaries

Answer 22

Perivascular feet

Question 23

BBB consists of

Answer 23

Perivascular feet + endothelial cells + basement membrane

Question 24

_ astrocyte processes beneath pia mater

Answer 24

Subpial feet/Glia limitans

Question 25

Astrocytes cause scar upon injury via a process called _

Answer 25

Gliosis

Question 26

Marker of oligodendrocytes

Answer 26

Anti-myelin oligodendrocyte binding protein

Question 27

T/F: One oligodendrocyte can myelinate many axon segments

Answer 27

True

Question 28

_ main immune cell of CNS that secrete chemokines, NO, ROS

Answer 28

Microglia

Question 29

In a healthy brain, microglia are _ structure Upon injury they _

Answer 29

- Ramified - Become hyper-ramified, bushy, amoeboid

Question 30

_ produce and regulate CSF _ control fluid release

Answer 30

- Ependymal cells(Choroid plexus) - Tight junctions

Question 31

_ support cell bodies in ganglia

Answer 31

Satellite cells

Question 32

_ originate from neural crest and support peripheral axons

Answer 32

Schwan cells(neurolemmocytes)

Question 33

Outer cytoplasmic layer of schwan cells that are wrapped around an axon _

Answer 33

Neurilemma

Question 34

T/F: Synapses occur everywhere in the NS

Answer 34

False. Except in dorsal root ganglia

Question 35

Axons of motor neurons terminate in branches of axons called

Answer 35

Terminal arborizations

Question 36

Myelin stain _ Neuron/processes stain _ Cell body stain _

Answer 36

- Weigert - Golgi - Nissl

Question 37

Cells in layer 4 of cerebral cortex Layer 5? Layer 3? Both layers 3,5?

Answer 37

- Stellate cells - Betz cells - Chandelier cells - Basket cells

Question 38

Betz cells form the _ that is responsible for voluntary motor movement

Answer 38

Corticospinal tract

Question 39

Arachnoid mater has _ in contact with dura and _ continuous with pia Around trabeculae, there is the _

Answer 39

- CT, Trabeculae - Subarachnoid space

Question 40

Pia mater is separated from neural elements by _

Answer 40

Glia limitans

Question 41

Blood vessels penetrate CNS through _

Answer 41

Perivascular spaces

Question 42

_ small cytoplasm pockets left behind during schwan cell myelination

Answer 42

Schmidt-laterman incisures

Question 43

Meissner's corpuscles? Merkle's corpuscles? Pacinian corpuscles? Ruffini corpuscles? Krause end bulb?

Answer 43

- Light touch - Touch - Deep pressure, vibrations - Warmth, pressure(hair) - Cold

Question 44

ENS has 2 plexuses

Answer 44

Myenteric, submucosal