Nervous Systems

Question 1

name the cranial nerves

Answer 1

Olfactory
Optic
Oculomotor
Trochlear
Trigeminal
Abducent
Facial
Vestibulocochlear
Glossopharyngeal
Vagus
Accessory (spinal)
Hypoglossal

Question 2

name sequentially which of the cranial nerves are sensory, motor or both

Answer 2

S, S, M, M, B, M, B, S, B, B, M, M

Question 3

what are the divisions of the nervous system

Answer 3

peripheral and central

Question 4

what do peripheral nerves contain

Answer 4

spinal and cranial nerves and ganglia

Question 5

what do central nerves contain

Answer 5

brain (inc brainstem and cerebellum) and the spinal cord

Question 6

which direction do impulses travel in the PNS

Answer 6

away from the CNS

Question 7

what is the function of the PNS

Answer 7

conducts impulses away from CNS
organised into nerves which connect the CNS with peripheral structures
each nerve contains multiple nerve fibres (neurones)

Question 8

what is another name for peripheral nerves and how many are there

Answer 8

12 cranial nerves

Question 9

why is there an extra peripheral nerve called C8?

Answer 9

cervical has 7 vertebra but this is due to the nerves exiting against what the other regions of the spine do, they instead exit above the corresponding vertebra

Question 10

what is the PNS split into and name whether they are voluntary or involuntary

Answer 10

autonomic (involuntary with SM and glands) and somatic (voluntary with skeletal muscle and skin)

Question 11

what kind of neurones does they somatic nervous system contain

Answer 11

sensory and motor

Question 12

which way do sensory impulses run and via which pathway (can you give an example?)

Answer 12

afferent so towards the CNS via somatosensory pathway
touching hand and being able to register this

Question 13

which way do motor impulses run and via which pathway (can you give an example)

Answer 13

efferent so away from the CNS via the somatomotor pathway
skeletal muscle contraction

Question 14

name an example of a sensory pathway including its purpose, the direction it travels and neuronal sequence

Answer 14

pain perception, temperature, pressure and vibration
afferent so towards the CNS
uses first then second then third order neurones

Question 15

name an example of a motor pathway including its purpose, the direction it travels and neuronal sequence

Answer 15

travel away from the CNS to cause voluntary skeletal muscle contraction
uses upper motor then lower motor neurones

Question 16

which pathways are more complex, somatic or autonomic?

Answer 16

autonomic

Question 17

what is a gangion

Answer 17

collection of nerve cell bodies in the PNS

Question 18

what is a nucleus

Answer 18

a collection of nerve cell bodies in the CNS

Question 19

what is the function of the CNS

Answer 19

integration and coordination
carry out higher functions (thinking, memory and learning)

Question 20

what protects the CNS

Answer 20

meninges

Question 21

dura mater

Answer 21

tough and fibrous tissue

Question 22

arachnoid mater

Answer 22

delicate, spidery which encloses the sub-aachnoid space

Question 23

pia mater

Answer 23

delicate, thin and transparent layer found on the surface of the brain and spinal cord

Question 24

in the parasympathetic division, which outflow does this contain?

Answer 24

cranio-sacral

Question 25

in the sympathetic division, which outflow does this contain?

Answer 25

thoraco-lumbar

Question 26

function of frontal lobes

Answer 26

decision making and personaility

Question 27

function of parietal lobes

Answer 27

sensory perception

Question 28

function of temporal lobes

Answer 28

auditory processing and memories

Question 29

function of occipital lobes

Answer 29

visual processing

Question 30

function of cerebral cortex

Answer 30

motor and sensory, auditory and language

Question 31

function of somatosensory cortex

Answer 31

processes sensory info

Question 32

central sulcus

Answer 32

groove which divides frontal and parietal lobes

Question 33

function of longitudinal sulcus

Answer 33

deep groove separating two cerebral hemispheres

Question 34

function of lateral sulcus or sylvain fissure

Answer 34

separates temporal lobe

Question 35

function of cerebellum

Answer 35

maintenance of balance and posture

Question 36

function of spinal cord

Answer 36

transmits signals from CNS or to CNS to or from PNS

Question 37

function of brain stem

Answer 37

controls involuntary actions and passes motor and sensory signals between brain and body contains cranial nerves

Question 38

function of midbrain

Answer 38

eye moveemnt, vision and hearing, sleep and pain

Question 39

function of pons

Answer 39

relays signals between cerebrum and cerebellum, balance, movement, processes sensory infofu

Question 40

function of medulla

Answer 40

heart rate, breathing and blood pressure

Question 41

function of thalamus

Answer 41

relays signals (sensory and motor) for vision, hearing and touch, sleep and memory

Question 42

function of hypothalamus

Answer 42

temp control and homeostasis

Question 43

function of corpus callosum

Answer 43

allows left and right hemispheres to connect so for coordination

Question 44

function of sub-arachnoid space

Answer 44

a series of spaces that produce and drain CSF

Question 45

what route in the spinal cord does the sensory info take

Answer 45

dorsal - afferent

Question 46

what route in the spinal cord does the motor info take

Answer 46

ventral - efferent

Question 47

what is the name of axons carrying the same info grouped together called in the spinal cord and which direction do the travel

Answer 47

white matter tracts both

Question 48

what is a dematome?

Answer 48

corresponds to the spinal route at which sensory info enters the spinal cord - skin!!

Question 49

what are myotomes?

Answer 49

the group of muscle (and actions) innervated by motor fibres coming out of corresponding spinal route - group of muscle fibres

Question 50

what nerve roots does the ulnar nerve relate to?

Answer 50

C8-T1