what is a Naturalistic observation
carried out in a natural setting such as school and focuus on peoples naturally occuring behaiour
what is a controlled observation
conducted in a lab so researcher has more control over the environment
what is a Participant observation
observer becomes part of the group/situation and produce detailed qualitative data
what is a non-participant observation
observer remains external so watches pp from a distance
what is a overt(dislcosed)observation
pp are aware of being observed
what is a covert(undisclosed) observation
pp do noot know they are being observed
- ethically, only acceptable to observe pp behaviour without consent in a public place
what is a unstructured observation
can be conducted with the researcher simply writing down everything they observe in FIELD NOTES and ananlysing it later by looking for patterns
- produces qualittative data
- problem is behaviour recorded is often the most eye catching or visible
what is a structured observation
observer using a CODED FRAME(behaviour checklist of pre dtermined bahviours) to count the number of times specific behaviours occur using a tally system
- behavioural categories are needed
- produces quantitative data
how would you establish if an observation has inter relibaility
the researcher would need to initially compare the observations of each reasearcher and check if they matched then inter reliability is achieved
what is event sampling
the technique of listing all the behaviours you might see (in a behavioural checklist) and observe continuously ticking every time you see them, uninterrupted for the whole duration
what is time sampling
enables the observerr to record some information about when the behviours occurred, an observation time is decided eg, 1 hr the observation period is divided up into predetermined time intervals and records of bevaiour are related to these
EG- observe every 5 mins for 1 minute intervals by scanningg the scene and ticking of behaviour, what happens between the times is ignored
