Gen Med > Ocular Pathologies > Flashcards

Ocular Pathologies Flashcards

(39 cards)

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1
Q

Myopia

A

nearsighted (longer than normal eye)

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2
Q

Hyperopia

A

far-sighted (shorter than normal eye)

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3
Q

Astigmatism

A

nonspherical cornea (multiple curvatures)

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4
Q

Conjunctivitis

A

Inflammation of the conjunctiva
- bacterial and viral are very contagious
- allergies or injuries are not contagious

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5
Q

Conjunctivitis S&S

A
  • redness
  • burning
  • itching
  • irritation
  • discharge
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6
Q

Conjunctivitis Treatment

A

refer

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7
Q

Conjunctivitis RTP

A

Allergic = as tolerated

Viral = out until resolved

Bacterial = 2-3 days after antibiotics

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8
Q

Sty

A

an inflamed oil gland on the eyelid around lash follicles (AKA hordeolum)

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9
Q

Sty S&S

A
  • red swollen bump
  • localized pain
  • “something in eye”
  • pimple appearance
  • TTP
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10
Q

Sty Treatment

A
  • warm compress
  • avoid eye makeup
  • do not squeeze
  • OTC antibiotic cream
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11
Q

Hyphema

A

Blood in anterior chamber of the eye caused by direct trauma (often associated with corneal abrasions/lacerations, preorbital contusions, and orbital fractures)

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12
Q

Hyphema S&S

A
  • Blood in the iris of the eye
  • pain
  • photosensitivity
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13
Q

Hyphema Treatment

A
  • immediate referral
  • keep athlete sitting up 30 degrees
  • bed rest w/ head elevated 30 degrees
  • eye drops to decrease inflammation and lower intraocular pressure
  • surgical drainage may be needed
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14
Q

Hyphema RTP

A
  • return when symptoms have resolved (typically 2-3 weeks)
  • protective eyewear
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15
Q

Subconjunctival Hemorrhage

A

Small blood vessels break between the surface of the clear conjunctiva and white sclera

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16
Q

Subconjunctival Hemorrhage S&S

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A
  • bright red path on sclera
  • no pain
  • no discharge
  • no visual disturbances
17
Q

Subconjunctival Hemorrhage Treatment

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A

will resolve on its own in 10-14 days

18
Q

Subconjunctival Hemorrhage RTP

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A
  • no restrictions unless noted by physician or complications occur
19
Q

Corneal Abrasion

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A

Scratch on the surface of the cornea (most commonly caused by direct contact w/ foreign objects)

20
Q

Corneal Abrasion S&S

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A
  • sensation of something in the eye
  • grittiness
  • tearing
  • photosensitivity
  • blurry vision
  • conjunctivitis
21
Q

Corneal Abrasion Treatment

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A
  • refer
  • artificial tear eye drops
  • topical antibiotics
  • pupil dilation
  • eye patch to prevent rubbing eye
  • refrain from wearing contacts
  • sun glasses and avoid bright light
22
Q

Corneal Abrasion RTP

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A
  • usually resolves in 24-72 hours
  • may be prescribed patch, antibiotics, or NSAIDs
23
Q

Corneal Laceration

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A
  • caused by direct blunt or sharp trauma from foreign body projections
  • laceration allows the interocular fluid and tissues to leak causing a high risk of infection
24
Q

Corneal Laceration S&S

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A
  • pain
  • decreased vision
  • hyphema
  • subconjunctival hemorrhage
  • prolapsed iris
  • visual deformity
25
Corneal Laceration Treatment
- immediate referral - do not touch eye - keep eye closed - surgical repair - IV antibiotics
26
Foreign Bodies
Object imbedded or adhering to the cornea or conjunctiva
27
Foreign Bodies S&S
- foreign body sensation - scratching - tearing - reactive conjunctivitis
28
Foreign Bodies Treatment
- gently pull eyelid down/up - have patient look up/down - use wet cotton tip applicator to lift object out - rinse eye with saline
29
Periorbital Contusion
"black eye" Caused by direct trauma to preorbital structures
30
Periorbital Contusion S&S
- dark purple, blue, or black skin around the eye - swelling - apperance may worsen over first 48 hrs
31
Periorbital Contusion Treatment
- refer if visual impairments or increased pressure - ice - NSAIDs
32
Orbital Fracture
Fracture to one of the 7 orbital bones (most common in inferior or medial borders)
33
Orbital Fracture S&S
- pain w/ eye movement - restricted eye movement - eye drooping - diplopia - numbness and tingling - ecchymosis
34
Orbital Fracture Treatment
- refer - surgical repair if needed
35
Orbital Fracture RTP
- may return after 3-4 weeks - must wear eye protection for 4-6 months
36
Retinal Tears & Detachments
caused by blunt force trauma, illness, genetics
37
Retinal Tears & Detachments S&S
- photopsia (brief flashes of light) - falling curtain or shadow in the field of vision - blind spots - floaters
38
Retinal Tears & Detachments Treatment
- refer - mydriatic (dilation) drops - topical steroid drops for inflammation
39
Racoon Eyes
- indicated skull fracture - black eyes - typically won't show up for hours after the injury
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