Gen Med > Vector-borne & Systemic Diseases > Flashcards

Vector-borne & Systemic Diseases Flashcards

(56 cards)

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1
Q

Systemic Disease

A

Condition or disorder that affects the whole body or involves many organs

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2
Q

Rheumatic Disease

A

Autoimmune and inflammatory conditions that attack the joints, muscles, bones, and organs

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3
Q

Lupus

A

Chronic autoimmune disorder (exacerbation or remission disorder)

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4
Q

Lupus S&S

A

Musculoskeletal:
- muscle aches/pains, arthritis, osteoporosis, avascular necrosis, fibromyalgia
Skin:
- red rash, hair loss, red scaly patches, oral ulcers
CNS:
- seizures, psychosis, dec cognitive function, stroke, coma
Cardiac:
- Atherosclerosis

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5
Q

Lupus Treatment

A
  • Corticosteroids
  • NSAIDs
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6
Q

Lupus Athletic Presentation

A

Butterfly rash + unexplained joint pain

RTP case-by-case basis

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7
Q

Raynaud’s

A

A vascular disorder that causes the blood vessels of the body to constrict in reaction to stimuli (most often in fingers, toes, nose, and ear)
- Raynaud’s disease (primary disease)
- Raynaud’s phenomenon (secondary to other disease or medication)

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8
Q

Raynaud’s S&S

A
  • Pallor
  • cyanosis
  • erythema
  • sequella of other conditions (lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, hyperthyroidism, hypertension)
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9
Q

Raynaud’s Treatment

A

refer to rheumatologist & avoid triggers

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10
Q

Infectious Mononucleosis

A
  • Caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (herpesvirus)
  • spread through oropharyngeal saliva
  • 10-50 day incubation period
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11
Q

Infectious Mononucleosis S&S

A
  • fatigue
  • pharyngitis
  • anorexia
  • fever
  • lymphadenopathy
  • malaise
  • tonsillitis
  • splenomegaly
  • maculopapular rash (flat, red area of skin covered by elevated bumps)
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12
Q

Infectious Mononucleosis Treatment

A
  • rest
  • hydration
  • OTC acetaminophen
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13
Q

Infectious Mononucleosis RTP

A
  • removed from activity
  • may resue activity in 3 weeks if:
    1. symptoms have fully resolved
    2. spleen not markedly enlarged or tender
    3. afebrile
    4. liver functioning normally
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14
Q

Lymphatic system

A

convey lymph from organs to the CV system (assist with immune system function)

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15
Q

Rheumatoid Arthritis

A

Autoimmune disease affecting joints (i.e. joint pain/swelling and bone & cartilage damage)
- juvenile rheumatoid arthritis occurs below the age of 16

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16
Q

Rheumatoid Arthritis S&S

A
  • tender and swollen joints
  • deformation of joints
  • joint stiffness
  • fatigue
  • fever
  • loss of appetite
  • weight loss
  • weakness
  • skin rash
  • nerve pain
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17
Q

Rheumatoid Arthritis Treatment

A

refer to rheumatologist is persistent pain and swelling in joints

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18
Q

Gout

A

Form of inflammatory arthritis caused by the crystallization of uric acid in the joints

Predisposing factors:
- obesity
- diabetes
- hypertension
- kidney disease
- alcohol abuse
- diuretics
- diet high in animal protein

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19
Q

Gout S&S

A
  • joint pain
  • redness
  • stiffness
  • swelling
  • severe tenderness
  • heat

S&S can be relapsing or remitting

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20
Q

Gout Treatment

A
  • refer to rheumatologist
  • NSAIDs and Rx meds
  • activity modification
  • diet modification
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21
Q

Fibromyalgia

A

Chronic, non-inflammatory disease
- fibrous tissue muscle pain

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22
Q

Fibromyalgia S&S

A
  • severe and diffuse pain
  • pain worst in neck, LB, and jaw
  • fatigue
  • sleep disturbances
  • reproductive and urinary changes
  • skin abnormalities
  • vision changes or problems
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23
Q

Fibromyalgia Treatment

Study These Flashcards
A

refer to rheumatologist

24
Q

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

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A

Severe or disabling fatigue for more than 6 months (systemic exertional intolerance disease (SEID))

25
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome S&S
fatigue for over 6 months - substantially impaired concentration and short-term memory - muscle pain - headache - tender/swollen lymph nodes - poor sleep quality - post-exertional malaise
26
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Treatment
Refer to general physician
27
Sojgren's Syndrome
Autoimmune disorder that attacks the salivary and lachrymal glands
28
Sojgren's Syndrome S&S
- dry eyes & mouth - joint pain, swelling, & stiffness - swollen salivary glands - skin dryness & rashes - vaginal dryness - persistent dry cough - persistent fatigue
29
The Thyroid
"master gland" - located on the trachea - works in conjunction with pituitary gland - released thyroxine (T3) & triiodothyronine (T4) - controls: metabolism, growth, breathing and HR, menstrual cycle, thermoregulation, cholesterol levels
30
HypERthyroidism
- Excessive production of thyroid hormones (aka Graves' disease) - autoimmune disorder
31
HypERthyroidism S&S
- enlarged thyroid - bulging eyes - inc HR - heart palpitations - depression, anxiety, or panic attacks - shakiness - weight loss - GI issues - inc sweating - brisk reflexes
32
HypERthyroidism Treatment
- refer to endocrinologist - may require meds &/or surgery
33
HypOthyroidism
decreased production of thyroid hormones (less common than hyperthyroidism)
34
HypOthyroidism S&S
- weakness - fatigue - dry rough skin - cold intolerence - weight gain - tongue thickening - hair loss or changes - depression - voice changes - memory imparments
35
HypOthyroidism Treatment
- refer to endocrinologist - hormone replacement therapy
36
Hypercortisolism
form and adrenal disorder - adrenal glands do not produce enough cortisol
37
Hypercortisolism S&S
- fatigue - muscle weakness - weight loss - low mood - loss of appetite and unintentional weight loss - inc thirst - bronze colored skin craving salt
38
Hypercortisolism Treatment
- refer to endocrinologist - hormone replacement therapy
39
Addison's Crisis
life-threatening condition where body has extremely low levels of cortisol
40
Addison's Crisis S&S
- severe weakness - confusion - pain in back and lower legs - abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhea - altered consciousness - low BP
41
Addison's Crisis Treatment
inject with hydrocortisone
42
Pancreatitis
Inflammation of the pancreas (40% due to gall stones blocking bile duct / 35% due to alcohol abuse) may be life-threatening (necrotizing pancreatitis + internal bleeding)
43
Pancreatitis S&S
- epigastric discomfort - nausea - weight loss - vomiting - low to absent bowel sounds - abdominal rigidity, distension, guarding - fever - confusion - jaundice - tachycardia
44
Pancreatitis Treatment
- refer to general medicine physician - emergency referral if: pain is more than 20 consecutive minutes
45
Vector-borne disease
disease in which an organism (typically an insect) carry a pathogen from one host to another
46
Zoonotic Disease
disease that can be transmitted from animals to humans by contact with the animals
47
Lyme disease
bacterial infection (borrelia burgdorferi) - caused by deer tick or western black-legged tick)
48
Lyme disease S&S
Localized lyme disease (70-80%) - erythema migrans - headache, muscle/joint ache, fever, fatigue, stiff neck Disseminated lyme disease - facial nerve palsies, meningitis, cardiac chest pain, palpitations, SOB, fatigue Late lyme disease - musculoskeletal and CNS involvement (joint swelling & cognitive decline)
49
Lyme disease Treatment
Care: - promptly remove tick (36 hours) refer: - early oral antibiotics - chronic lyme disease (treat symptoms
50
Lyme disease RTP
when symptoms have cleared (not contagious to other athletes)
51
Zika Virus
spread by mosquitos
52
Zika Virus S&S
- maculopapular rash - fever - conjunctivitis - joint and muscle pain - headache
53
Zika Virus Treatment
refer to primary physician
54
West nile virus
spread my mosquitos
55
West nile virus S&S
- headache - fever - muscle and neck pain/tightness - altered mental status - swollen lymph nodes
56
West nile virus Treatment
refer to primary physician
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