optho

Question 1

In KCS what layer of the tear film is effected the most?

Answer 1

The aqueous layer because its responsible for corneal lubrication and nutrition which are both decreased in cases of KCS leading to corneal and conjunctival hyperemia

Question 2

KCS diagnostic test

Answer 2

STT, normal is over 15mm/60sec

Question 3

what are the most common causes of KCS?

Answer 3

Immune mediated, drug induced, and congenital

Question 4

describe the general treatment plan for KCS

Answer 4

1. stimulate tearing with cyclosporine + tacrolimus
2. increase lubrication with artificial tears
3. anti inflams - steroids

Question 5

anterior uveitis =

Answer 5

inflammation of the iris and CB

Question 6

posterior uveitis =

Answer 6

inflammation of the choroid

Question 7

findings of uveitis on optho exam include what?

Answer 7

aqueous flare, low IOP, hypopyon, hyphema, miosis

Question 8

what is pathopneumonic for anterior uveitis in cats?

Answer 8

aqueous flare

Question 9

what is the cause of 50-70% of anterior uveitis cases in cats?

Answer 9

idiopathic

Question 10

4 F’s causes of anterior uveitis in cats

Answer 10

Feline Leukemia, FIV, FIP, Fungal

Question 11

anterior uveitis treatment in cats

Answer 11

topical steroid, atropine, oral steroid

Question 12

whats the most common sequelae to anterior uveitis in cats?

Answer 12

secondary glaucome

Question 13

briefly describe uncomplicated corneal ulcers

Answer 13

very superficial
heal within 7 days
fluorescein stain strip
tx w/ abx, atropine

if it doesnt heal in 7 days its a diff dx

Question 14

briefly describe complicated corneal ulcers

Answer 14

involve stroma, persist, melt
aggressive abx (2nd gen fluoroquinolone)
atropine
tetracyclines or serum for melting
NO steroids

Question 15

briefly describe Desmetocele

Answer 15

walls take up stain but not floor
needs emergency tx and sx

Question 16

synechiae

Answer 16

adherence of iris to cornea or lens lead by inflammatory cells, fibrin and fibroblasts

Question 17

briefly describe glaucoma

Answer 17

Increased IOP leading to irreversible vision loss through the optic nerve and ganglion cell death. It can be breed related and the most common secondary cause is uveitis.

Question 18

normal eye pressure

Answer 18

15-20 mmhg is ideal IOP

Question 19

what could drop eye pressures quickly in an emergency?

Answer 19

latanoprost

Question 20

what 2 drugs are commonly used in combo to treat glaucome?

Answer 20

dorzolamide (CAI) and timolol (b blocker)

Question 21

what would you expect to see ocularly in a strangulation case?

Answer 21

subconjunctival hemorrhage

Question 22

what characteristics of a red eye point to KCS?

Answer 22

long branching corneal vessels and conjunctival hyperemia