urolithiasis

Question 1

what are the most common sites of urethral obstruction in sheep/goats vs cattle?

Answer 1

sheep/goats: urethral process (pizzle)

cattle: distal aspect of signmoid flexure at urethra process

Question 2

describe what bloodwork of a ruminant with urolithiasis would look like

Answer 2

hyponatremia
hypochloremia
azotemia
uremia
hyperkalemia variable

Question 3

you take an abdominocentesis of a ruminant you suspect has urolithiasis - what do you expect to see?

Answer 3

peritoneal Cr is 2x that of the serum

Question 4

a ruminant is on a cereal based ration, what type of stone are they prone to form?

Answer 4

struvite bc low Ca:P ratio

Question 5

grazing ruminants in the west are prone to what type of stone formation?

Answer 5

silicate

Question 6

what ruminants are prone to forming calcium carbonate stones?

Answer 6

hi ca rations (clover, alfalfa), male goats fed diary diet or alfalfa