disease concept
harmful deviation, structural and functional dysfunction, occur signs and symptoms, not caused by physical injuries
nature of disease
etiology, pathogenesis, morphological changes, clinical manifestation, course of disease, impact of function
4 theories of etiology
Miasma theory, germ theory of disease, molecular pathology, precision medicine
Who disapprove the miasma theory?
John Snow and Louis Pasteur
how molecular pathology have the impact on medicine?
enables targeted diagnosis and treatment
how precision medicine have the impact on medicine?
personalized care, better health outcomes
benefits of precision medicine
higher effectiveness, fewer side effects, early detection, adaptive treatment
how burn injuries cause clear morphological changes on skin?
epidermal cells necrosis, blister formation, inflammatory cell infiltration
what is syndrome
a collection of signs and symptoms without known causes
what is prognostic signs
indications of how disease might progress
types of symptoms
chronic, remitting(=symptoms fade over time), relapse, asymptomatic
key features of syndrome
pattern-based(defined by a recognizable cluster of symptoms)
unknown cause
not always a disease
diagnosis is based on clinical observation
examples of syndrome
down syndrome
IBS
Tourette syndrome (involuntary movement and vocalization- tics)
Metabolic syndrome( > 3 conditions)
how does IBS affect?
affect gut functions, rather its structure
causes of IBS
gut-brain interaction issues
visceral hypersensitivity
altered gut motility
microbiome imbalance
stress and early life trauma
the benefits of prognostic signs
predict outcomes and tailor treatment to the patient
