1
Q
fowl cholera is caused by
A
Pasteurella multocida
2
Q
Pullorum disease affects which system of chicks
A
Digestive
3
Q
major CS of infectious coryza
A
swollen infraorbital sinuses
4
Q
air sacculitis in poultry is caused by
A
Mycoplasma Gallisepticum
5
Q
Hallmark CS of Marek’s
A
paralysis of legs and wings
6
Q
Gapeworm infection in poultry is caused by
A
Syngamus trachea
7
Q
best staining method for visualising cellular detail
A
wright’s stain
8
Q
type of necrosis in TB
A
caseous
9
Q
typical fixative for electron microscopy
A
glutaraldehyde
10
Q
benign tumor- carcinoma, sarcoma, adenoma, lymphoma
A
adenoma
11
Q
Which of the following is the first line of defense in innate immunity?
A. Antibodies
B. T-cells
C. Skin
D. Complement system
A
Skin
🧠 Explanation: The skin and mucous membranes are part of the first line of defense in innate immunity, acting as physical and chemical barriers.
12
Q
Reticuloendothelial system is primarily involved in:
A
Immune defense and phagocytosis
🧠 Explanation: The reticuloendothelial system (RES) includes macrophages and is involved in phagocytosis, antigen presentation, and immune response.
13
Q
What type of necrosis is typical in tuberculosis?
A
Tuberculosis classically shows caseous necrosis—dry, crumbly, cheese-like tissue.
14
Q
Corrugations of ileocaecal valve area are found in
A
Paratuberculosis
15
Q
appearance of subcutaneous nodules with a hole in each one, on the back of cattle indicates
A
cattle grub
16
Q
disease to be differentiated from pph, bacillary haemoglobinuria, bovine tropical theileriosis, leptospirosis
A
babesiosis
17
Q
who discovered causative agent of surra
A
griffith evans
18
Q
ICH causes
A
blue eye
19
Q
small fluid filled elevation of superficial epithelium of skin is called
A
vesicle
20
Q
epithelium in skin
A
stratified squamous cornified
21
Q
What is the hallmark CBC finding in parvovirus-infected puppies?
A
Neutropenia and lymphopenia
📌 Explanation: Due to destruction of bone marrow stem cells.
22
Q
Which disinfectant is effective against parvovirus?
A
1:30 diluted bleach (sodium hypochlorite)
23
Q
Which of the following is a clinical sign of left-sided heart failure in dogs?
A
Pulmonary edema
📝 Left-sided heart failure leads to congestion in the lungs, causing dyspnea and crackles.
24
Q
Shock organ in horse:
A
lungs
25
a form of avian leukosis complex charac by paralytic symptoms usually involving legs and wings
big liver disease
26
discharge in ranikhet disease
greenish diarrhoea
27
anthrax fever temp
106-107 degree F
28
IP for cattle plague or RP after exposure
4/5 days with extreme pd from 3-9 days
29
expert assistance sought when attack of colic in horse persists for
longer than 3 hours
30
A common cause of abortion in cattle during the last trimester is:
brucellosis
31
necrosis of skeletal muscles
zenker necrosis
32
endemic anthrax area:
western US
eastern US
north africa
western europe
western US
33
sub acute form of AHS in equine
blue tongue
34
‘Nutmeg liver’ is seen in:
CHF
35
main target organ in aflatoxicosis
liver
36
in ICH, inclusion body is found in hepatocytes in location of
nucleus
37
Alveolar hyaline membrane is present in which pneumonia
interstitial
38
Less vascular changes with more cellular phenomena is seen in
a) Acute inflammation b ) Chronic inflammation
c) Both
d) None of the above
b)
39
protein contents are least in which exudate
serous
40
diabetes insipidus is under the influence of hormone secreted by
posterior pituitary
Diabetes insipidus is influenced by antidiuretic hormone (ADH), also called vasopressin, which is produced in the hypothalamus and stored in the pituitary gland. In central diabetes insipidus, a deficiency in this hormone prevents the kidneys from properly conserving water, leading to excessive urination
41
type of necrosis seen in abscess is
liquifactive
42
metaplasia of oesophageal gland in poultry occurs due to deficiency of which vitamin
Vitamin A
43
Epithelial crescents in glomeruli are present in
Subacute glomerulo nephritis
44
Which of the following protozoal disease causes hemorrhagic anemia
Coccidiosis
45
metaplasia of oesophageal glands in poultry occurs due to deficiency of
Vit A
This condition is also known as nutritional roup or avitaminosis A.
Epithelial Changes: Vitamin A is essential for maintaining the normal, intact, mucus-secreting epithelial linings of the digestive, respiratory, and urinary tracts. When deficient, the normal columnar or cuboidal epithelium is replaced by a keratinized, stratified squamous epithelium (squamous metaplasia).
Glandular Blockage: The keratinized cells block the ducts of the mucous glands, leading to the accumulation of necrotic debris and keratin, which forms small, white, pustule-like nodules in the mouth, pharynx, and esophagus.
Secondary Infections: The breakdown of the primary epithelial barrier makes the bird highly susceptible to secondary bacterial and viral infections, such as E. coli or fowl pox virus.
46
Coagulative necrosis of myocardium in calves is seen in which disease?
rinderpest
necrophorus infection
both or
mycoplasma infection
✔ Rinderpest (classic lesion — “tiger-heart”)
• Focal myocardial necrosis
• Stripe-like hemorrhages
❌ Necrophorus infection (Fusobacterium)
→ produces liquefactive / caseous necrosis, NOT myocardial coagulative necrosis.
❌ Mycoplasma infection
→ causes fibrinous pneumonia, arthritis, NOT myocardial necrosis.
47
non-nucleated cell of erythrocyte series is known as
rubri and metarubricyte
48
higher than normal number of nuclear lobes in neutrophils is called
shift to the right, or sometimes referred to as hypersegmentation [1]. This is characteristic of aged cells.
Here is a breakdown of the terms:
Shift to the right: This refers to neutrophils that have more than five nuclear lobes (hypersegmentation). It is often associated with conditions like vitamin B12 deficiency or folate deficiency (megaloblastic anemia) [1]. These cells are typically older or "aged".
Shift to the left: This refers to the presence of more immature neutrophils (such as band neutrophils) in the blood, which have fewer or non-segmented nuclei [1]. This typically happens when the body is rapidly producing white blood cells to fight an active infection or inflammation.
49
Blue black granules in the cytoplasm of neutrophils, are typically seen in which body
DOHLE body
50
Amyloidosis is which type of disorder?
immune disorder
51
Amyloidosis is which type of disorder?
immune disorder
52
Microcytes are typically seen in which deficiency
Iron and copper
53
basophilic stippling occurs in response to
intense erythrogenesis
54
erythrocyte containing precipitated strands of RNA is called
basophilia (more accurately, the cell exhibits basophilic stippling).
Basophilia: This refers to the abnormal presence of coarse, dark-blue or purple granules within the red blood cell, known as basophilic stippling. These granules are aggregates of ribosomes and precipitated RNA [1].
Heinz body: These are inclusions within red blood cells composed of denatured hemoglobin [1]. They are not made of RNA.
Hyperchromatic: This term is used to describe cells that are more darkly stained than normal, often due to an increased amount of hemoglobin, not an inclusion body [1].
ER body: This is not a standard term used in the description of red blood cell abnormalities.
55
antigenic substance should have molecular weight
8000 or high
56
cell surface marker associated with all T cells in the circulating blood are
CD2 and CD3
57
elliptical erythrocyte is called
elliptocyte or ovalocyte.
58
which type of T cells are more numerous?
helper T cells
59
albuminous degeneration is a synonym of
hydropic degeneration
60
neutropenia occurs in which of the following typhoid fever, para typhoid, fever, a plastic anaemia, or all of the above?
Aplastic anaemia
61
normal range of haemoglobin in horse
11-19 g/dL
62
The type of antibodies involved in arthus reaction
Ig G and M
63
generally T cells are considered to be of how many types
four main types: helper T cells, cytotoxic T cells, regulatory T cells, and memory T cells.
64
cytotoxic T cells are especially lethal to cancer cells, heart transplant cells, virus, infected cells or all of the above
All of the above
65
thin erythrocyte of decreased volume in relation to its diameter is called
Leptocyte
66
immunodeficiency with dwarfism is associated with a defect of B cells T cells B and T cells or monocytes
Immunodeficiency with dwarfism, like in Cartilage-Hair Hypoplasia (CHH), is linked to defects in both B and T cells, stemming from a common precursor, often manifesting as combined T-cell/B-cell issues (Combined Immunodeficiency or CID), with T-cell problems sometimes driving B-cell dysfunction and antibody deficiencies, impacting overall immune response
67
NK cells are also known as
large granular lymphocytes
68
Cellular immune response is illustrated by the organism which causes suppurative disease granulomatous disease or non-supp disease or all of the above diseases
granulomatous
69
Rigor mortis starts after how many hours of death of Animal
8
70
The normal range of TLC in horses is how many per cubic MM?
6000 to 13,000
71
lymphocytic thyroiditis occurs spontaneously in
Dogs
72
graft rejection reactions are classified as
hyper acute, acute, subacute, and chronic
73
which type of necrosis is seen in infarct of kidney?
coagulative
74
Turkey egg appearance of kidney is an important feature of which disease in swine
csf
75
CD19 and CD20 surface markers are associated with:
B lymphocytes
Explanation: CD19 and CD20 are specific surface markers of B cells.
76
Prior to recognition by B lymphocytes, antigen is processed by:
Macrophages
Explanation: Macrophages act as antigen-presenting cells (APCs).
77
Cowpox can be an example of:
an adequate inflammatory reaction
inadequate infl reaction
excessive reaction
An adequate inflammatory reaction
Explanation: Cowpox shows protective inflammation leading to immunity.
78
Giant cell with mirror-image nuclei is called: Langhan type Giant cell tputon Giant cell foreign body Giant cell or none of the above
none of the above.
A giant cell with "mirror-image" nuclei, specifically two halves appearing as mirror images with prominent eosinophilic inclusion-like nucleoli, is called a Reed-Sternberg cell (or Dorothy Reed tumor cell), which is characteristic of Hodgkin's disease. The provided options do not include this term.
79
Chemical mediator of inflammation derived from plasma is:
Plasma-derived mediators include complement and kinins
80
Acute local passive hyperemia can be seen in:
Malposition of viscera
Explanation: Venous obstruction causes passive hyperemia.
81
Triple response of inflammation was described by:
sir thomas lewis
82
Healing of an open wound occurs by: regeneration or primary union or granulation tissue or first intention
secondary intention
which involves extensive formation of granulation tissue to fill the defect from the bottom up, unlike primary (first) intention for clean cuts.
83
Blood circulation was described by:
William Harvey
84
Fluid cytoplasm outside ER membrane is called:
Hyaloplasm
Explanation: It is the ground substance of cytoplasm.
85
Corpora amylacea are examples of: amyloidoses or epithelial hyaline or connective tissue hyaline
epi hyaline
86
acute theileriasis in India is caused by
T. annulata
87
Babes nodules in rabies are formed due to collection of
microglia
88
Which breed of dog has high incidence of brain tumour? Boxer, Cocker Spaniel, or Pomeranian
Boxers: As a brachycephalic (short-nosed) breed, Boxers are consistently identified as being overrepresented in studies for developing brain tumours, especially gliomas.
89
Nephritis occurs more in:
male dog and male cattle
or female dog and female cattle
or male dog and female cat
or female dog and male cattle
Nephritis incidence varies, but in general, male dogs show higher rates due to factors like X-linked hereditary forms (severe in males) and susceptibility to urinary stones; while in cattle, specific infections like pyelonephritis often follow calving (parturition), affecting females more due to these events, but overall, male dogs have a marked predisposition.
90
Melanosarcoma is common in: brown and black horse or brown and white horse or green and black horse or grey and white horse
grey and white horses.
Studies indicate that approximately 80% of grey horses over 15 years of age will develop melanoma, which is strongly linked to a genetic mutation (STX17) that causes premature hair graying. While these tumors are often benign initially, they are highly common in this population.
91
In pregnancy toxaemia, fat content of liver becomes:
200 to 300%
92
In normal condition fat content of liver is:
3 to 4%
93
In amyloid material, what is the protein %
90%
94
Enlarged copper colour liver is generally observed in:
Fowl typhoid
95
myeloid : erythroid ratio is increased in
leukocytosis
96
normal or below normal leucocyte count occurs in
sub leukaemic leukaemias
97
baso erythrocytic cytoplasm is seen in
polychromasia
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