perfusion

Question 1

perfusion

Answer 1

flow of blood through arteries and capillaries, delivering nutrients and oxygen to cells throughout the body

Question 2

components of heart conduction system

Answer 2

1. sino atrial node (SA)
2. atrioventricular node
3. bundle of his
4. right and left bundle branches
5. purjinke fibers

Question 3

cardiac cycle

Answer 3

1 beat of the heart
- electrical and mechanical actions that occur within each heartbeat

Question 4

systole

Answer 4

when the ventricles are contracting (squeezing)

Question 5

diastole

Answer 5

when the ventricles are relaxing

Question 6

heart rate

Answer 6

how many times per minute the heart beats

Question 7

mean arterial pressure (MAP)

Answer 7

average pressure in the arteries in a single cardiac cycle

Question 8

normal MAP range

Answer 8

70 - 100 mmhg

Question 9

stroke volume

Answer 9

the amount of blood that comes out of the L ventricle w/ each beat

Question 10

cardiac output

Answer 10

the amount of blood that comes out of the heart per minute (L/min)

Question 11

preload

Answer 11

amount of blood thats in the ventricles at the end of diastole

Question 12

afterload

Answer 12

resistance that the L ventricle must overcome to push blood out

Question 13

systemic vascular resistance

Answer 13

a measure of how much resistance the heart works against to pump blood to the entire body
- increased SVR, increased BP

Question 14

3 Ps of cardiovascular system

Answer 14

pump
plasma
pipes

Question 15

for plasma, how do you increase and decrease

Answer 15

increase: fill up with fluids or blood products

decrease: diuretics

Question 16

for pipes, how do you increase and decrease squeeze

Answer 16

increase: vasopressors

decrease: relax them with ACEIs, ARBs, alpha blockers, vasodilators

clogged up: antihyperlipidemics

Question 17

what is preload increased in (3)

Answer 17

-hypervolemia
- regurgitation of cardiac valves
- heart failures

Question 18

what is afterload increased in (2)

Answer 18

-hypertension
- vasoconstriction

Question 19

inotropy

Answer 19

how hard the cardiac muscles squeezes

Question 20

chronotropy

Answer 20

how fast the heart is beating

Question 21

dromotrophy

Answer 21

how fast the electricity goes down the cardiac pathways

Question 22

hypoexemia

Answer 22

low oxygen in the BLOOD

Question 23

hypoxia

Answer 23

low oxygen in the CELLS

Question 24

ischemia

Answer 24

REVERSIBLE cell injury that comes from hypoxia
- reduced blood flow to a specific area of the body

Question 25

anoxia

Answer 25

abscense of oxygen in the cells

Question 26

impaired perfusion risk factors

Answer 26

- old age - low income/less access to healthy food and healthcare - males - african americans - family history - lifestyle (smoking, high cholesterol, sedentary lifestyle)

Question 27

3 preventions of impaired perfusion

Answer 27

primary: promote heart health secondary: screening and early diagnosis tertiary: managing disease

Question 28

nursing care for client w/ impaired perfusion

Answer 28

- assessment: vital signs, auscultation of heart + lungs, capillary refill, - med administration - compression devices - ambulation - patient eaching