periodic table

Question 1

metals

Answer 1

Characterized by their malleability, conductivity, and low ionization energies and electron affinities/negativities

Question 2

nonmetal

Answer 2

Characterized by having opposing characteristics to those found in metals such as high ionization energies and electron affinities/negativities

Question 3

metalloids

Answer 3

Characterized by having similar properties to both metals and nonmetals

Question 4

effective nuclear charge

Answer 4

The magnitude of the positive, inward pulling attraction from the nuclear protons on the valence electrons

Question 5

electron affinity

Answer 5

Refers to the attraction a nucleus has on an incoming electron

Question 6

electronegativity

Answer 6

Refers to the attraction a nucleus has one electrons within a covalent bond

Question 7

ionization energies

Answer 7

Refers to the energy required to release an electron from the valence shell

Question 8

alkali and earth metals

Answer 8

Found in groups 1 and 2 and have one and two valence electrons, respectively; Prone to form cations in order to fulfill octet rule

Question 9

chalcogens and halogens

Answer 9

Found in groups 16 and 17 and have six and seven valence electrons, respectively; Tend to gain electrons to form anions

Question 10

noble gases

Answer 10

Found in group 18 and have 18 valence electrons; Generally unreactive because of their complete octet in the valence shell

Question 11

transition metals

Answer 11

Found in groups 3-12 and are characterized by their ability to attain multiple oxidation states due to their relatively low ionization energies