alpha decay
- loss 2 protons and 2 neutrons
- mass number decreases by 4
- atomic number decreases by 2
beta minus decay
- neutron changes to proton, emit electron
- same mass number
- atomic number increases by 1
beta plus decay
- proton changes to nuetron, proton emited
- same mass number
- atomic number decreases by 1
gamma decay
- emit a photon
- no change in mass number or atomic number
- more stable energy state
Ohm’s law
V = IR
thermal expansion
change in L = alphaL(change in T)
capacitance
C = Q/V
centripital force
F =(mv^2)/r
torque
t = rF = rFsintheta
energy and wavelength and frequency
v = f(wavelength)
E=hf = hc/wavelength
doppler effect
- wavelength decreases and frequency increases when source is moving toward observer at rest
- wavelength increases and frequency decreases when source is moving away from observer at rest
strings and open pipes
L = wavelength/2
closed pipe
L = wavelength/4
hydrostatic pressure
P = pgh
volumetric flow rate
Q = AV
coulomb’s law
the electric froce between charges
Fe=k( (q1q2)/r^2)
archemedes principle
fraction submerged = pobject/pfluid
specific gravity
psubstance/pwater
if the specific gravity is less than or equal to 1 (i.e. the object is less dense or has the same density), then the object will float. If the specific gravity is greater than 1 (i.e. the object is more dense), the object will sink.
osmotic presure
pi = iMRT
Molar volume at 0°C and 1 atm
22.4 L/mol
Diffraction
The process where light waves bend when encountering an object or a small opening
Polarization
The process where light waves with only a certain electric field vector direction are permitted to enter a polarization filter
Dispersion
The separation of light (usually white light) via their different wavelengths when passing through a prism as a result of their different refractions
(snell’s law) If the ray enters a medium with a GREATER index of refraction (n2 > n1)
the ray bends TOWARDS the normal and has an angle of refraction smaller than the angle of incidence.
