peripheral nervous system

Question 1

how many pairs of cranial nerves

Answer 1

12

Question 2

how many pairs of spinal nerves

Answer 2

31

Question 3

nerve plexuses are what

Answer 3

intertwined network of spinal nerves

Question 4

sensory receptors are either of what two things

Answer 4

1. specialized cells that synapse w/ dendrites of sensory neurons
2. the dendrites of sensory neurons

Question 5

3 types of sensory receptors

Answer 5

1. mechanoreceptors
2. chemoreceptors
3. photoreceptors

Question 6

mechanoreceptors

1. detect changes in what 3 things
2. include receptors for what 4 things

Answer 6

1. detect changes in pressure, stretch, temp.

2. include receptors for proprioception, hearing, touch, blood pressure

Question 7

chemoreceptors

1. detect changes in what
2. include receptors for what 6 things

Answer 7

1. detect changes in chemical environment

2. include receptors for pain, smell, taste, blood oxygen levels, blood carbon dioxide levels, pH levels

Question 8

photoreceptors

1. detect changes in what
2. receptors for what

Answer 8

1. detect changes in light

2. receptors for vision

Question 9

what is sensation

Answer 9

body’s detection of changes in its internal/external environment

Question 10

perception is what

Answer 10

sensations that you’re consciously aware of that arise when sensory impulses activate the cerebral cortex sensory areas

Question 11

what is sensory receptor adaptation

Answer 11

it’s when a sensory receptor alters its ability to be activated

Question 12

what is downregulation

Answer 12

it’s when a sensory receptor becomes less sensitive because it’s being overstimulated

Question 13

what is upregulation

Answer 13

it’s when a sensory receptor becomes more sensitive because of lack of stimulation

Question 14

what 2 types of sensory receptors adapt quickly

Answer 14

touch and smell

Question 15

what 2 types of sensory receptors don’t adapt at all

Answer 15

pain and proprioception

Question 16

pain receptors

1. aka
2. location
3. are what and are activated by what 2 means

Answer 16

1. nociceptors
2. located in the dendrites of certain sensory neurons
3. they are protein receptors that are activated by excessive heat or by chemicals released by injured cells

Question 17

what are the chemicals released by injured cells

Answer 17

hormones called prostaglandins

Question 18

referred pain is what and give an example

Answer 18

it’s when a patient describes the location of pain

EX: my chest hurts and so does my left arm = heart attack