practicum 4

Question 1

​Nectria cinnabarina

Answer 1

Subkingdom Dikarya
Phylum Ascomycota
Subphylum pezizomycotina
Order Hypocreales
Family Nectriaceae

Question 2

Order Hypocreales
Family Nectriaceae

Answer 2

​Nectria cinnabarina

Question 2

​Nectria cinnabarina

Answer 2

sporodochia with condiophores and conidiospores. The other slide shows the sporodochia with perithecia containing asci. Note that the perithecium has paraphyses (sterile hairs) along with the asci.

Question 2

Order Hypocreales
Family Clavicipitaceae

Answer 2

Claviceps purpurea-

Question 3

Claviceps purpurea

Answer 3

The photograph of infected rye with ergots
ergots are called sclerotia
perithecia. The asci are very long and contain long thread-like ascospores.

Question 3

Cordyceps sp.

Answer 3

Cordyceps growing from moth larvae.
stalked stroma

Question 3

Cordyceps sinensis

Answer 3

Yartsa Gunbu in Chinese medicine.

Question 4

Examine the photograph of Nectria with sporodochia.

Answer 4

Note the sporodochia with condiosphores and conidiospores. Also note the slide that shows sporodochia with perithecia containing asci. Note paraphyse

Question 5

Cordyceps unilateralis.

Answer 5

effects ants ascostroma grows from the ant’s head

Question 6

a slide of the stroma of Cordyceps.

Answer 6

The perithecia and asci are very similar to Claviceps. The asci are also very long with thread-like ascospores.

Question 7

Order Ophiostomatales

Answer 7

Ophiostoma ulmi

Question 8

Ophiostoma ulmi

Answer 8

Examine the photograph of Elm trees dying from Dutch Elm Disease.

Question 9

Order Diaporthales

Answer 9

Cryphonectria parasitica-

Question 10

Cryphonectria parasitica-

Answer 10

Examine the pictures of Castanea dentata- American Chestnut and of the Chestnut Blight attacking a tree
perithecia of Cryphonectria have unusually long necks.

Question 11

Subkingdom Dikarya
Phylum Ascomycota
Order Pezizales
Family Pezizaceae

Answer 11

Peziza

Question 12

Peziza Family Pezizaceae

Answer 12

Examine preserved and/or photographs of Peziza. Examine a slide through the apothecium. Find the hymenial layer and get the asci on high power. Count the ascospores.

Question 13

Family Tuberaceae

Answer 13

Tuber

Question 14

Tuber

Answer 14

Find the spiny ascospores which are contained in asci in the cleistothecium.

Question 15

Family Morchellaceae

Answer 15

Morchella-

Question 16

Morchella-

Answer 16

Examine the slide through an ascocarp. Find the alveoli and look for the hymenial layer where the asci are formed. Be able to recognize photos.

Question 17

Phylum Ascomycota
Order Helotiales
Family Geoglossaceae

Answer 17

Geoglossum-

Question 18

Geoglossum-

Answer 18

long thin septate spores which can be seen in asci on high power.

Question 19

Trichoglossum-

Answer 19

Trichoglossum which appears “hairy” under magnification.

Question 20

Phylum Basidiomycota
Boletoid Clade
Family Boletaceae

Answer 20

Boletaceae

Question 21

Boletaceae

Answer 21

pores instead of gills

Question 22

Phyllosporus rhodoxanthus

Answer 22

as gills. The gills are unusual, however, in having short connective sections between the gills. The gills turn blue after bruising in this species. Be able to recognize this species from the photographs.

Question 23

Strobilomyces flocopus

Answer 23

Old Man of the Woods. The pileus has pointed almost pyramid- like scales. Also look at a spore print from Strobilomyces flocopus and a picture of the spores. The spores are round and ornamented.

Question 24

a slide of the pores of Boletus

Answer 24

tissue of Boletus is soft and you will notice that the tissue around the pores is not very dense.

Question 25

Russuloid Clade

Answer 25

Family Russulaceae

Question 26

Russuloid Clade

Answer 26

have adnate or decurrent gills. The pileus can be white or may be pigmented.

Question 27

Lactarius

Answer 27

exude a latex when cut. Russuloid Clade

Question 28

Euagarics Clade Family Amanitaceae

Answer 28

Amanita muscaria

Question 29

Family Agaricaceae

Answer 29

Agaricus brunescens

Question 30

Family Coprinaceae

Answer 30

Coprinus comatus and Coprinopsis atramentaria

Question 31

Coprinus

Answer 31

undergoing deliquescence. Examine a slide of the pileus of Coprinus. Find the gills. Look at a gill on high power and find the basidia and basidiospores.

Question 32

Polyporoid Clade

Answer 32

Inonotus dryadeus

Question 33

Inonotus dryadeus

Answer 33

the Weeping Oak Conk. The pores are not easy to see because of hairs which cover them. Examine the photograph of a Weeping Conk exuding a brown exudate

Question 34

Family Polyporaceae

Answer 34

Trametes versicolo

Question 35

Trametes versicolo

Answer 35

Turkey Tail. look at the basidia and basidiospores

Question 36

Family Lycoperdaceae

Answer 36

Lycoperdon- Puffball.

Question 37

Lycoperdon- Puffball.

Answer 37

Find the peridium and fertile part of the gleba.

Question 38

Family Geastraceae

Answer 38

Geastrum- Earthstar

Question 39

Order Phallales

Answer 39

Dictyophora duplicata Phallus ravenelli. Lantern Stinkhorn

Question 40

stink horns

Answer 40

Dictyophora duplicata- The skirt is called an indusium Phallus ravenelli.- The gleba is the slimy area containing the spores. Lantern Stinkhorn- The gleba is found inside the arches.

Question 41

Order Tremellales Family Tremellaceae

Answer 41

Tremella mesentarica- Witch’s Butter

Question 42

Family Filobasidiaceae

Answer 42

Cryptococcus neoformans