processing data for analysis

Question 1

Methods of data processing:

Answer 1

○ Manual data processing
○ Mechanical data processing
○ Electronic data processing → excel stuff

Question 2

why is processing of data important:

Answer 2

because collected data needs to be stored, sorted, filtered, analysed, for it to be of any use.

Question 3

types of processed data

Answer 3

○ Plain text file, table/spreadsheet, charts + graphs, maps

Question 4

Open Data Repositories

Answer 4

provides free, immediate + permanent access to research to
anyone.

Question 5

advantages of open data repositories

Answer 5

● Transparency: must be able to see the exact method and how they got
the data. No bias.
● Innovation: new initiatives
● Efficiency: time
● Cost efficient: not everyone has to carry out whole experiment → global
projects
● Economic benefits: helps all mankind + society

Question 6

disadvantages of open data repositories

Answer 6

● Consent + ethics: opening people’s confidential info.
● Intentions of those wanting data:
● Security: changing data. E.g. wiki
● Competence of those analysing data: unable to know.

Question 7

Experiment to measure the acidity of a range of solutions quantitatively and
qualitatively

Answer 7

Universal indicator vs probe test

Question 8

Large Hadron Collider (2008)

Answer 8

● QCD = quantum chromodynamics
● It’s the world’s largest + most powerful particle accelerator
● It consists of a 27km ring of magnets to increase particle speed.
● Allowed 2 particles to travel to the near speed of light, and then collide.

Advantages
● Proved the existence of nano particles that make up all matter
● New particles discovered
● May explain dark matters and realms of the universe
● Allowed researchers to collect research that was impossible beforehand

Disadvantages
● Expensive ($4b)
● No ST benefits to society
● High levels of energy + heat produced

Question 9

Kepler Telescope (2009)

Answer 9

● It was a space telescope launched by NASA to discover Earth-size planets orbiting other stars.
● It spend 9 years in space collecting data
● Discovered billions of hidden planets
● It discovered that planets outnumbered the stars, small planets are common
● -ve: no economic benefit

Question 10

Human Genome Project (1990)

Answer 10

● In 1990, was an international scientific research project that aimed to sequence all base pairs
in the human genome to identify a complete set of DNA in the human body.
● The goal was to provide researchers with the ability to understand the genetic factors in human disease, paving the way for new strategies for diagnosis, treatment and
prevention.

Advantages
● It fuelled the discovery of
more than 1800 disease genes.
● It allows for the identification of causes of rare diseases.
● Faster sequencing methods
● Genetic tests that can be done quickly, to reveal disease susceptibility.

Disadvantages
● Ethical concerns for the usage of entire human
genome
● Possibility of human cloning + editing (designer
babies)
● Quick genome sequencing may form a genetic identity, that may affect insurance → disease risk
● Fetal genome testing → reveal potential diseases →
may increase the abortion rate → lowering human
diversity.