progressive era Flashcards by EMILY SALINAS

Established a federal income tax

16 amendment

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A movement that demanded that people have a greater voice in government and sought to advance the interest of farmers and laborers

Populists

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Elected president in 1908, supported safety standards for mines and railroads; supported 16th amendment; disappointed progressives in the areas for tariffs and conservation

William Howard Taft

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Repeals the amendment that allowed the banning of the manufacture, sale and possession of alcoholic beverages

21 amendment

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A federal agency established in 1914 to investigate and stop unfair business practices. Created to enforce the Clayton act

Federal Trade Commission

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Examples include populists and Bull Moose; influence: major parties will usually adopt ideas if they draw significant support (for example, direct election of senators) never win presidential elections but may draw votes away from another party

Third party movemens

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Wilson’s Progressive plan; involved financial reform and increased government regulation of business.

New freedom

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a 19th century religious movement based on the belief that Christians have a responsibility to help improve working conditions and alleviate poverty.

Social Gospel Movement

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A federal regulatory agency that governed over the rules and regulations of the railroad industry

Interstate Commerce Commision

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A procedure by which law can be originated by the people rather than legislatures

Initiative

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Journalist who exposed the corrupt side of business and public life in the early 1900s

Muckrakers

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an early 20th century reform movement seeking to return control of the government to the people, to restore economic opportunities, and to correct injustices in American life

Progressive Movement

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The banning of the manufacture, sale, and possession of alcoholic beverages.

18th Amendment

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Voters, rather than politicians, would choose candidates for public office.

Direct primary

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Co-founded the NAACP to help secure legal equality for minority citizens. Argued African Americans should be given equal rights immediately.

W.E.B. DuBois

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Established the modern banking system to regulate the money supply and set interest rates

Federal Reserve Act

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An organization founded in 1890 to gain voting rights for women.

National American Women’s Suffrage Association

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1920; gives women the right to vote.

19th Amendment

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a law that made certain monopolistic business practices illegal and protected the rights of labor unions and farm organizations

Clayton Anti-Trust Act

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co-founded NAACP, leading voice in social reform for African-Americans, spoke out against and led an anti-lynching campaign across the country

Ida B. Wells

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A law that was intended to prevent the creation of monopolies by making it illegal to establish trusts that interfered with free trade

Sherman Anti-Trust Act

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An organization founded in 1909 to promote full racial equality.

National Association of the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)

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Democratic nominee for president in 1896 and 1900, supported by Populists. He argued for the free coinage of silver.

William Jennings Bryan

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created a Civil Service Commission that gave exams and selected government employees based on merit. Replaced the “Spoils System”.

Pendleton Act

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Allowed voters to cast a vote without election officials knowing who they voted for.

Secret Ballot

Halted the sale of contaminated food and drugs and ensured truth in labeling; established strict cleanliness requirements for meat-packers and created a federal meat-inspection program

Pure Food and Drug Act & Meat Inspection Act

The political apparatus that offered services to voters in exchange for political or financial support.

Political Machine

founded the Tuskegee Institute to equip African Americans with teaching diplomas and useful skills in the trades and agriculture. Said African Americans would achieve equal rights slowly by getting educated.

Booker T. Washington

Wisconsin's progressive governor that "cleaned up" state government from corruption and big business

Robert La Follette

muckraker that wrote "History of the Standard Oil Company" to show how Rockefeller's power was based on unfair business practices. Her book eventually brought down Standard Oil

Ida Tarbell

A procedure for removing a public official from office by a vote of the people.

Recall

wrote "How the Other Half Lives" that told the public about the lives of the immigrants and those who lived in the tenement housing.

Jacob Riis

Unlimited coinage of silver to raise farm prices; single term limit for presidents; direct elections of senators; secret ballots; shorter work days.

Populist party platform

1913; provides for the direct election of US senators by the people rather than by state legislatures.

17th Amendment

built as a place where immigrants came to live. Instruction was given in English and how to get a job. Hull House was the first settlement house founded by Jane Addams in Chicago in 1889.

Settlement House Movement

Leader of the women's rights movement. She got arrested for voting illegally.

Susan B. Anthony

Laws enacted by southern state and local governments to separate white and black people in public and private facilities.

"Jim Crow" Laws

wrote "The Jungle", that portrays the dangerous and unhealthy conditions prevalent in the meat packing industry at that time.

Upton Sinclair

The Supreme Court ruled that separation of the races in public accommodations was legal, thus establishing the "separate but equal" doctrine.

Plessy v. Ferguson

A procedure by which a proposed law can be approved or denied by vote of the people.

Referendum

Nickname for Teddy Roosevelt, who broke up many monopolies and trusts.

Trustbuster

Teddy Roosevelt's progressive plan; involved trust-busting and conservation projects.

"Square Deal"

Problems Faced by Farmers

Overproduction led to falling crop prices. High railroad shipping rates hurt farmers' ability to transport goods. Debt caused by reliance on credit for equipment and seeds. Lack of political representation and power to challenge big businesses.

The Grange

Founded in 1867 as the Patrons of Husbandry. Aimed to unite farmers for education, social support, and economic cooperation. Advocated for railroad regulation and cooperative buying and selling of crops.

Populist Party Platforms

Advocated for reforms to combat economic inequality. Key demands: Direct election of Senators. Government ownership of railroads, telegraphs, and telephones. Graduated income tax. Unlimited coinage of silver to increase money supply.

Unlimited Coinage of Silver

Movement to back currency with both gold and silver (bimetallism) instead of just gold. Goal: Inflate currency to help indebted farmers and small business owners.

William Jennings Bryan

Delivered the famous "Cross of Gold" speech in 1896. Populist and Democratic candidate who supported bimetallism.

Social Gospel Movement

A religious movement emphasizing social justice. Promoted the application of Christian ethics to address poverty, inequality, and labor conditions. Inspired reforms like settlement houses and labor rights.

Established the federal income tax. Purpose: Create a steady revenue source for government programs and reduce income inequality.

16th Amendment

Allowed direct election of U.S. Senators by voters. Purpose: Reduce corruption and increase democratic participation.

17th Amendment

Instituted Prohibition, banning alcohol production, sale, and transport. Purpose: Address social issues tied to alcohol abuse, like crime and domestic violence.

18th Amendment

Granted women the right to vote. Purpose: Achieve gender equality in democratic participation.

19th Amendment

Sherman Antitrust Act (1890):

Outlawed monopolistic practices and restrained trade.

Clayton Antitrust Act (1914):

Strengthened anti-monopoly laws and protected labor unions.

Meat Inspection Act

Ensured sanitary conditions in meatpacking facilities. Inspired by Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle.

Pure Food and Drug Act

Required accurate labeling of food and medicines. Prohibited harmful additives or false claims.

National Conservation Commission

Established to oversee natural resource conservation and protect the beauty of nature (Yellowstone, Big Bend) Laid the groundwork for the National Park Service.

Federal Reserve Act

Created the Federal Reserve System to regulate banking and stabilize the economy.

Child Labor Act

Limited child labor by restricting the employment of children in industries.

Pendleton Civil Service Act

Established a merit-based system for federal jobs. Aimed to curb the spoils system and reduce corruption.

Initiative

Allowed citizens to propose legislation through petitions.

Referendum

Enabled voters to approve or reject laws passed by legislatures.

Recall

Gave voters the power to remove elected officials from office before their term ended.

Secret Ballot

Ensured privacy when voting to reduce voter intimidation and fraud.

Jacob Riis

Wrote How the Other Half Lives. Highlighted poverty and poor living conditions in urban slums.

Upton Sinclair

Wrote The Jungle. Exposed unsanitary conditions in the meatpacking industry.

Jane Addams

Founded Hull House, a settlement house for immigrants. Promoted social services, education, and community improvement.

Robert La Follette

Progressive governor and senator from Wisconsin. Advocated for government reforms and workers' rights.

Francis Willard

Leader of the Women’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU). Supported Prohibition and women’s suffrage.

Susan B. Anthony

Key figure in the women’s suffrage movement. Helped achieve the passage of the 19th Amendment.

Theodore Roosevelt

Trust Buster Used the Sherman Antitrust Act to break up monopolies. Advocated for fair business practices and consumer protections.

African American Rights

NAACP Founded in 1909 to combat racial discrimination and promote civil rights.

Ida B. Wells

Journalist who led anti-lynching campaigns and fought for African American rights

W.E.B. Du Bois

Advocated for immediate civil rights and higher education for African Americans.

Booker T. Washington

Promoted vocational education and economic self-reliance for African Americans.

Disagreements Between Booker T. and W.E.B.

Washington: Focused on gradual economic progress. Du Bois: Demanded immediate political and social equality.

progressive era Flashcards

(77 cards)