1
Q
Most common renal mass
A
cysts
2
Q
cyst Project away from the kidney
A
Exophytic
3
Q
cyst arising from the cortex, larger will bulge outwards or distort contour
A
Cortical
4
Q
cyst adjacent to pelvis, bulging inwards
A
parapelvic
5
Q
cyst arising from the inside of the pelvis, may
mimic hydronephrosis or even cause it
A
peripelvic
6
Q
Most common benign renal tumor
A
Angiomyolipoma / hamartoma
7
Q
Most common benign renal tumor in pediatrics
A
Mesonephric blastoma / hamartoma
8
Q
Tumor made of blood vessels.
A
Hemangioma
9
Q
2nd most common benign renal mass
A
Oncocytoma
10
Q
Often found in older men. A stellate (star) shaped
central scar with vascularity
A
Oncocytoma
11
Q
Pyelo =
A
pelvis
12
Q
Most common cause of Acute Pyelonephritis
A
ascending
UTI from bladder
13
Q
This infection
starts in the parenchyma and is most often caused by a throat (strep) infection,
A
Glomerulonephritis
14
Q
enlarged kidney with echogenic cortex and
prominent pyramids
A
acute Glomerulonephritis
15
Q
most common cause of fungal uti
A
Candida albicans.
16
Q
most common cause of parasitic uti
A
schistosomiasis.
17
Q
Most common renal cancer. Most
common solid renal mass
A
Renal Cell Carcinoma , hypernephroma.
18
Q
Most common cancer of bladder.
A
Transitional cell carcinoma
19
Q
Most common solid malignant abdominal mass in peds.
A
Nephroblastoma AKA Wilms tumor
20
Q
Most commonly caused by atherosclerosis.
A
Renal artery stenosis
21
Q
Tardus parvus waveform distal to stenosis at
A
segmental artery
22
Q
Most common renal vascular variation:
A
: duplicate renal arteries.
23
Q
Compression of the left renal vein by SMA and aorta.
A
Nutcracker syndrome
AKA renal vein entrapment.
24
Q
Most common vascular complication
A
Renal artery stenosis
25
: bidirectional, “to and fro” signal
Renal vein thrombosis
26
Most common congenital location for pediatrics
UPJ
27
Dilatation of renal pelvis, hydronephrosis only
UPJ
28
Most common location for adults (stone stuck)
UVJ
29
Dilatation of ureter, then eventually hydronephrosis
UVJ
30
Dilatation of bladder, both ureters, and then eventually hydronephrosis.
* Urethra
31
Kidney stones that are located anywhere within the urinary tract
Urolithiasis
32
stones within the kidney.
Nephrolithiasis
33
Causes of hydronephrosis- from the inside. Stones, tumors, bad ureteral valves, ureterocele
Intrinsic
34
False appearance of a distended renal pelvis. Overly full bladder, extrarenal
pelvis, prominent vascular structures, pelvic cysts
False positive HYDRO
35
Causes of hydronephrosis- outside the urinary tract. Prostatic enlargement, pregnancy, abdominal/pelvic
masses, retro fibrosis, basically that can compress or damage the outside of the ureters
* Extrinsic
36
Most common location for obstructive stone is the
UVJ
37
Most common vascular complication for renal
Renal artery stenosis
38
bidirectional, “to and fro” signal
Renal vein thrombosis
39
most important is changes to
resistance of arterial waveform
rejection
40
This stone fills the renal pelvis
Staghorn calculus
41
Balloon like outpouching of bladder wall with distinct neck
Diverticulum
42
Non-functioning bladder wall due to nerve damage or disorder
Neurogenic
43
Bladder wall thickening >4mm when bladder is distended. Most common in women and will
present as an UTI
Cystitis
44
Most common malignancy of bladder.
Transitional cell carcinoma
45
most common cause of acute renal failure is
tubular necrosis
46
the innermost covering of they kidney is the
renal capsule
47
the functional unit of the kidney is the
nephron
48
the two parts of the kidney are the
renal parenchyma and the renal sinus
49
the renal parenchyma consists the
renal medulla, and cortex
50
this is responsible for absorption
medulla
51
the renal pyramids are within the
medulla
52
responsible for the filtration of the blood
renal cortex
53
echogenicities from medulla to sinus
medulla < cortex < liver < spleen < panc < diaphragm < sinus
54
most common cause of arf
acute tubular necrosis
55
most common cause of crf is
diabetes
56
this cyst originates in the renal parenchyma and protrudes within renal sinus
parapelvic
57
cysts that originate in the renal sinus
peripelvic
58
caused by an early urinary tract obstruction and is nonfunctional. if it is bilateral, it is fatal
multicystic dysplastic kidney / multicystic renal dysplasia / MCKD
59
often the result of chronic hemodialysis
acquired renal cystic disease
60
inherited disorder characterized by tumors of the centrals nervous system and orbits
vonn hippel - lindau syndrome
61
systemic disorder that leads to the development of tumors within various organs
tuberous sclerosis
62
mild hydro is noted as distention of the
renal pelvis
63
further progression of distention into the calices and medullary pyramid
moderate hydro
64
extends to the cortex and causes sever thinning of the parenchyma
marked hydro
65
with hydro , there is dilation of the
calices, infundibula, and renal pelvis
66
the most common location for a stone to become lodged in the urinary tract is the
UVJ near urinary bladder
67
patients with ___ have a tendency to have multiple and bilat angiomyolipomas
tuberous sclerosis
68
hyperechoic vascular mass with internal calcifications
renal adenoma
69
mass of blood vessels
renal hemangioma
70
localized collection of blood resulting from blunt trauma
renal hematoma
71
other names for renal cell carcinoma
hypernephroma, adenocarcinoma
72
another name for angiomyolipoma
hamartoma
73
the renal parenchyma consists the
renal medulla
renal cortex
74
the renal sinus consists the
renal collecting system - minor and major calices, renal pelvis, infudibula
75
the medulla is responsible for
absorption
76
the cortex is responsible for
filtration
77
Enlargement of the unaffected contralateral kidney with unilateral renal agenesis or compromised renal function
compensatory hypertrophy
78
Bulge on the lateral border of the kidney (often on the left kidney)
Will have the same echogenicity as the adjacent renal cortex
dromedary hump
79
Division of the renal sinus. In this variant, there are two separate renal sinuses; they are referred to as an upper pole moiety and lower pole moiety.
Duplex (duplicated) collecting system (the most common congenital anomaly of the urinary tract
80
both kidneys are fused and on the same side of the body.
Crossed fused ectopia
81
The renal pelvis is located outside of the renal hilum.
Extrarenal pelvis
82
Lobulated or bumpy outline to the kidney(s); can be seen in adults
Fetal lobulation
83
Two kidneys that cross the midline and connect at their lower poles by an isthmus
Horseshoe kidney
84
The isthmus of the horseshoe kidneys travels ____ to the abdominal aorta and ___ vena cava
anterior, inferior
85
Enlargement of a renal column seen as an indentation of the renal sinus
Hypertrophic column of Bertin
86
Results from the incomplete fusion of the two embryologic components (renunculi) of the kidney
Junctional parenchymal defect
87
Appears as a hyperechoic, wedge-shaped structure on the anterior portion of the kidney; located between the upper and middle sections of the kidney
Junctional parenchymal defect
88
A third, smaller kidney
Supernumerary kidney
89
Excessive fat within the renal pelvis
Renal sinus lipomatosis (fibrolipomatosis)
90
the underdevelopment of the kidney in which there are too few nephrons
Kidney will be smaller than normal
Renal hypoplasia
91
Congenital absence of the kidney
Bilateral renal agenesis is typically not consistent with life.
Renal agenesis
92
The kidney sits in the renal fossa but is positioned off of the normal axis.
Malrotated kidney
93
Condition of having pus within the collecting system of the kidney
Pyonephrosis
94
Recurrent kidney infections or chronic obstruction that may lead to scaring of the calices and renal pelvis
Chronic Pyelonephritis
95
96
A kidney infection is aka
Pyelonephritis
97
Inflammation of the kidney secondary to infection
Acute pyelonephritis
98
Renal to Ao ratio is greater than ___ with renal artery stenosis
3.5
99
Characterized by possible tumors of the central nervous system , kidney cysts , rcc , and pheochromocytomas
Von hippel lindau
100
Associated with renal cysts and bilateral renal angiomyolipomas
Tuberous sclerosis
101
Epilepsy and skin lesions on face are clinical findings of
Tuberous sclerosis
102
_____ is found in patients more often with diabetes and immunocompromised
Emphysematous pyelonephritis
103
The normal RI should be ___ for renal transplant
0.6 to 0.8
104
The bladder wall does not exceed ___ in a distended state
4 mm , 0.4 cm
105
Lab value most helpful of renal infarction
LDH
106
If tcc was located within the kidney, it will be located within the
Renal pelvis
107
Order of arterial blood supply to kidneys
Renal artery, segmental artery, interlobar artery, arcuate artery, interlobular artery
108
measurement formula for kidneys
L X W X D X 0.523
109
normal bladder wall measurement distended
< 3-4 mm
110
normal bladder wall measurement empty
< 5 mm
111
bladder measurement formula
L X W X D X 0.52
ARDMS
flashcards
Decks in class (21)
# Cards
-
LIVER111
-
gallbladder87
-
Pancreas81
-
Clinical evaluation36
-
spleen65
-
renal111
-
adrenal glands49
-
abdominal vasculature60
-
gastrointestinal57
-
chest / retroperitoneum32
-
thyroid/neck70
-
Musculoskeletal and Superficial56
-
scrotum and testes82
-
penis / prostate35
-
most commons106
-
intro29
-
labs28
-
diseases/ syndromes27
-
Signs32
-
ardms practice16
-
Tumors32
