Section 2.2 Lecture

Question 2

What is the complete blood flow pathway through the heart and lungs that must be memorized for the exam?

Answer 2

Systemic veins → Right atrium → Tricuspid valve → Right ventricle → Pulmonary valve → Pulmonary arteries → Lungs → Pulmonary veins → Left atrium → Mitral (bicuspid) valve → Left ventricle → Aortic valve → Aorta → Systemic circulation

Question 3

Which vessels carry deoxygenated blood to the lungs?

Answer 3

Pulmonary arteries

Question 4

Which vessels carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart?

Answer 4

Pulmonary veins

Question 5

Which side of the heart sends blood to the lungs?

Answer 5

Right heart

Question 6

Which side of the heart sends blood to the body?

Answer 6

Left heart

Question 7

What is the primary purpose of heart valves?

Answer 7

To prevent backflow and ensure one-directional blood flow

Question 8

Which valve is located between the right atrium and right ventricle?

Answer 8

Tricuspid valve

Question 9

Which valve is located between the right ventricle and pulmonary artery?

Answer 9

Pulmonary valve

Question 10

Which valve is located between the left atrium and left ventricle?

Answer 10

Mitral (bicuspid) valve

Question 11

Which valve is located between the left ventricle and the aorta?

Answer 11

Aortic valve

Question 12

What is the exam rule for predicting blood flow if a valve is incompetent?

Answer 12

Blood backs up into the previous chamber

Question 13

If the mitral valve fails, where does blood back up?

Answer 13

Into the left atrium and then into the lungs

Question 14

Mitral valve failure is most likely to cause congestion in which system?

Answer 14

Pulmonary system (pulmonary edema)

Question 15

What is the primary function of the atria?

Answer 15

Receiving chambers

Question 16

What is the primary function of the ventricles?

Answer 16

Pumping chambers

Question 17

Which chamber has the thickest myocardium?

Answer 17

Left ventricle

Question 18

Why does the left ventricle have the thickest myocardium?

Answer 18

Because it pumps blood to the entire body

Question 19

How does knowing blood flow direction help with heart failure questions?

Answer 19

It allows prediction of where blood backs up and which organs become congested

Question 20

If blood backs up into the lungs, what type of heart failure is suggested?

Answer 20

Left-sided heart failure

Question 21

If blood backs up into systemic veins, what type of heart failure is suggested?

Answer 21

Right-sided heart failure

Question 22

What type of exam questions are expected from this lecture?

Answer 22

Flow-order questions, valve-location questions, oxygenated vs deoxygenated blood, and backflow/murmur reasoning

Question 23

Why is blood flow knowledge considered foundational for later ECG and conduction topics?

Answer 23

Because mechanical flow understanding is required before interpreting electrical activity